条款14确定基类有虚析构函数（Clause 14 make sure the base class has virtual destructor）.docVIP

条款14确定基类有虚析构函数（Clause 14 make sure the base class has virtual destructor） Clause 14: determines that the base class has a virtual destructor Sometimes a class wants to keep track of how many objects exist. A simple way is to create a static class member to count the number of objects. This member is initialized to 0, plus 1 in the constructor, and 1 in the destructor. (clause M26 illustrates how to encapsulate this method so that it can be easily added to any class. My article on counting objects provides some additional improvements to this technology. Suppose in a military application there is a class that represents the enemys target: Class enemytarget { Public: Enemytarget () {++numtargets;} Enemytarget (const, enemytarget) {++numtargets;} ~enemytarget () {--numtargets;} Static, size_t, numberoftargets () {return numtargets} Virtual bool destroy (enemytarget); / / destroy objects / / return success Private: Static size_t numtargets; / / object counter }; / / static members of the class should be defined outside the class; / / default initialized to 0 Size_t enemytarget:: numtargets; This class wont win a government defense contract for you. Its too far from the Defense Departments requirements, but its enough to meet the needs of our problems here. Enemy tanks are a special enemy target, so its natural to think of it as a class that is derived from enemytarget in public inheritance (see clauses 35 and M33). Because not only should we care about the total number of enemy targets, but also the total number of enemy tanks, so we use the same techniques mentioned in the derived class as in the base class: Class, enemytank:, public, enemytarget { Public: Enemytank () {++numtanks;} Enemytank (const, enemytank, RHS) : enemytarget (RHS) {++numtanks;} ~enemytank () {--numtanks;} Static, size_t, numberoftanks () {return numtanks} Virtual, bool, destroy (); Private: Static size_t numtanks; / / object counter tank }; After youve written the code for the two classes, youll b