电脑的基本原理及知识（Basic principles and knowledge of computers）.docVIP

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电脑的基本原理及知识（Basic principles and knowledge of computers）.doc

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电脑的基本原理及知识（Basic principles and knowledge of computers）

电脑的基本原理及知识（Basic principles and knowledge of computers） Chapter 1 computer overview Teaching target: 1. understand the history of computer development 2. understand IT famous IT enterprise 3. Feng Nuoyi principle. 4. computer measurement unit \ decimal conversion I. computer development First generation electron tube computer 1946.2.14 Second generation transistor computer 1954 US Bell laboratory Third generation integrated circuit computer 1964.4.7 Fourth generation large scale integrated circuit computer 1971 Two. Famous IT Enterprises Microsoft - the worlds largest software company and the most valuable enterprise. Bill. Cisco - the worlds leading provider of Internet equipment - Qian Bosen Intel, the worlds largest chipmaker, is also a leading manufacturer of computers, networks and communications products. Huawei HUAWEI - Chinas largest provider of communication network technology services Google -- the worlds largest search engine Three. Computer principle Von Neumanns idea of stored program 1. computer five components: ALU, controller, storage device, input device \ output device Alu: the numerical and logical operations of a computer Controller: responsible for the control and deployment of hardware resources ---- operator + controller called CPU CPU Input devices: keyboard \ mouse \ scanner \ tablet etc. Output device: monitor, speaker, etc. 2. operation principle of computer (calculation process): I enter the storage -- CPU (control + operation) sometimes I output storage 3., the computer uses two binary data to process and store data 4. computer to complete an operation is completed through the instructions, including the instruction operation code and operation part number. Four. A unit of measurement in a computer Bit bit, minimum unit, binary digit Byte bytes. 1 byte = 8 bit. A byte equal to 8 bits 1 letters / punctuation / numbers =1 bytes 1 Chinese characters, =2 bytes The units of the KB 1KB=1024byte. document file are typically KB MB trillion. 1MB