植物淹水胁迫的生理学机制研究进展-生态学杂志.PDF

生态学杂志ChineseJournal of Ecology摇 2012,31(10):2662-2672 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 植植物淹水胁迫的生理学机制研究进展* 潘摇 澜摇 薛摇 立** (华南农业大学林学院,广州510642) 摘摇 要摇 淹水胁迫引起弱光环境,使气体扩散受限,叶片细胞膜脂过氧化加剧,体内保护酶 系统受损,叶绿素降解,丙二醛含量积累,光合速率下降。 为了适应淹水环境,植物通过生 理生化机制的调节来保证淹水条件下的生命活动。 如细胞通过调节渗透物质的含量来保 持渗透势的平衡;细胞内各种抗氧化酶活性增加,以清除自由基,避免或者减轻细胞受到伤 害;改变代谢途径和激素调节以保持能量储备和低的代谢速率。 本文综述了淹水胁迫对细 胞膜系统及功能、植物光合作用、植物呼吸、激素、生理代谢、基因调控的影响和淹水结束后 植物的生理生态学变化,介绍了植物适应淹水胁迫的机制,并指出植物耐淹响应的分子机 理,环境因素对淹没植物的影响,森林淹水胁迫的定位观测是今后需要研究的方面。 关键词摇 植物;淹水胁迫;生理代谢;生理机制 中图分类号摇 S722摇 文献标识码摇 A摇 文章编号摇 1000-4890(2012)10-2662-11 Plant physiological mechanisms in adapting to waterlogging stress:A review. PAN Lan, ** XUE Li (College of Forestry,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,Chi鄄 na).Chinese Journal of Ecology,2012,31(10):2662-2672. Abstract:Waterlogging stresscauseslow light condition,and makesgasdiffusion limited,plant leaf membrane lipid peroxidation induced,endogenousprotective enzyme system damaged,chlo鄄 rophyll degraded,MDA accumulation promoted,and photosynthetic rate declined. To adapt to waterlogging,plants develop a series of effective physiological and biochemical mechanisms to keep normal life activity,e.g. ,maintaining the balance of cell osmotic potential via regulating osmolyte contents,increasing intracellular antioxidant enzyme activities to remove free radicals and to prevent or reduce cell injury,and changing metabolic paths and regulating hormones to maintain energy reserves and lower rate metabolism. This paper summarized the research advances in the impacts of waterloggin