初二上期物理基础复习2（Review of physics foundation in the second year of junior high school 2）.docVIP

初二上期物理基础复习2（Review of physics foundation in the second year of junior high school 2） Review of physics foundation in junior middle school Chapter 1 goes into the laboratory 1. The basic methods of studying physics are observation and experiment. 2, scientific inquiry tools: length: scale, micrometer, vernier caliper. Quality: pallets, balances and weights. Time: Stop Watch Temperature: thermometer. The electric current meter and a voltage meter: spring dynamometer. Volume: measuring and measuring cup. 3, the link of scientific inquiry: (1) putting forward questions, conjectures and hypotheses, making plans and designing experiments, carrying out experiments and collecting evidences The analysis and demonstration of the evaluation of the exchanges and cooperation 4. The basic tool for length measurement: scale. International master unit of length: m (m) Common unit length: km (Km), DM (DM), cm (CM), mm (mm), (UM), nano micron (nm). 1Km =103m. 1m = 101dm = 102CM, =103mm, =106um, =109nm 5. The rule of using scale: Observe the range, the graduation value and the zero scale line whether it is worn or not. The measuring ruler should be parallel to the measured length, the scale line is close to the object being measured, and the zero scale line without wearing is required. When reading the readings, the line of sight is vertical to the ruler, and the next bit of the minimum Division will be read in the exact measurement. Remember measurements are made up of numbers and units, the reciprocal of the measurements, the second bit units are the division values, and the last one is the estimate. 6. Errors and errors: the difference between measured and true values is called error. It is impossible to avoid the error in measurement. The influence of the environment, the inaccuracy of the measuring tools, and the difference between the artificial assessment and the reading will lead to errors. The basic way to reduce the error is to count the mean value on multiple measurements.