流体引起及振动.pptVIP

Flow-Induced Vibration流体引起的振动 Flow-Induced Vibration流体引起的振动 Unlike many of the other mechanical vibration problems such as unbalance, misalignment, resonance and so forth, flow-induced vibration is often very dependent upon operating conditions. That is, it can be very affected by load depending on the type of machine and the work being performed by the machine. 与不平衡、不对中和共振等许多问题不同，流体引起的振动往往与设备的工艺运行状态密切相关。这就是说，依照设备类型的不同，设备的负荷以及设备承担的工艺角色对振动的影响会很大。 Flow Relevant Faults流体相关故障 Flow-induced vibration includes each of the following: ? Hydraulic and Aerodynamic Forces ? Cavitation and Starvation ? Recirculation ? Flow Turbulence ? Surge ? Choking 流体引起的振动包括以下几种情况： 流体动力 气蚀和抽空 回流 紊流 喘振 流体堵塞 Hydraulic and Aerodynamic Forces流体动力 Various types of machines including pumps, blowers, turbines, vacuum pumps and so forth inherently produce hydraulic or aerodynamic forces as their impellers impart work on the fluid (liquid or gaseous) they are handling. In general, hydraulic and aerodynamic forces are generated as per the following equation: Blade (or Vane) Pass Frequency = BPF = #Vanes X Impeller RPM (CPM or Hz) 很多类别的设备，包括泵、风机、透平机、真空泵等等，均会不可避免地因为它们的叶片作用在输送的流体（液体或气体）上而产生流体动力。 一般，流体动力的产生遵从下面的等式： 叶片通过频率 ＝ BPF ＝ 叶片数 x 叶轮转速 （cpm 或 Hz） Blade Vane Pass Freq 叶片通过频率 Hydraulic aerodynamic force vibration流体动力振动的特点 1. Significant vibration both at blade pass frequency and blade pass harmonics will be generated if an impeller is not centrally located within its housing and properly aligned with diffusers. 若叶轮在机壳中偏心或相对于蜗壳的位置不正确，会产生较大的BPF及其倍频的振动。 2. It is important to ensure that neither the blade pass frequency nor blade pass harmonics coincide with natural frequencies of the rotor or support structure. Excessive vibration can result if allowed to do so. 需要尽力避免BPF及其倍频与转子或支撑结构的固有频率临近，否则会引起较大的振动。 Hydraulic aerodynamic force vibration流体动力振动的特点 3. A great increase in blade pass frequency will occur if welds securing diffuser vanes experience failure allowing the diffusers to shift p