对外贸易（foreign trade）.docVIP

对外贸易（foreign trade） Section 1 strategic classification of foreign trade Concepts and characteristics 1, the concept: from the war, the overall planning and guidance of the war. Foreign trade strategy is the guiding ideology of a countrys foreign trade, and it is also part of a countrys economic development strategy. 2, features: Overall, integrity, stability Two, classification (I) import substitution strategy: (1) definition: a country to take various measures to restrict certain foreign industrial imports, promote domestic industrial production, gradually in the domestic market to domestic products to replace imported products, to create favorable conditions for the development of domestic industry, industrialization. It is the product of inward oriented economic development strategy. The earliest Latin American countries adopted this strategy until 1980s. Some countries in East Asia and Southeast Asia were introduced in the 50-70 century in twentieth Century. (2) policy measures A. increased tariffs, imposed quantitative restrictions and foreign exchange controls to restrict imports of foreign industrial products. B. countries encourage foreign private capital to establish joint ventures or cooperative ventures in China through preferential treatment such as taxation, investment and sales. C. generally exists the phenomenon of overvalued currencies (3) advantages: to a certain extent, to promote the development of the domestic infant industry, to achieve self-sufficiency in different levels of the final product, and gradually establish a complete industrial system. (4) defects: take restrictive measures to limit foreign industrial imports to domestic import growth in less competitive industry competition and non competition condition, reducing the country and the world market, resulting in the domestic market is relatively small. (two) export oriented strategy (1) definition: a country to take various measures to expand exports, exports of industrial development,