人工染色体研究进展.PDF

  HEREDITAS (Beijing) 2011 年 ISSN 0253-9772 人工染色体研究进展 李林川，韩方普 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所，植物细胞与染色体工程国家重点实验室，北京 100101 摘要：人工染色体是人工构建的含有天然染色体基本功能单位的载体系统总称。人工染色体是非常优良的载 体，具有超大的接受外源片段能力。 由于不用整合到宿主基因组中，因此不会引起宿主基因的插入失活，同 时也没有抑制转基因表达的位置效应。人工染色体已经从最初的酵母人工染色体（Yeast artificial chromosome, YAC ）发展到细菌人工染色体（Bacterial artificial chromosome, BAC ），再扩展到人类人工染色体（Human artificial chromosome, HAC ）和植物人工染色体（Plant artificial chromosome, PAC ）。文章就这4 种人工染色 体，尤其是植物人工染色体的研究进展和应用局限进行综述。目前，YAC 和BAC 已经广泛应用于基因组图 谱制作、序列测定和基因克隆；HAC 和PAC 在基因治疗、外源医用蛋白的生产、新型优质高产高抗转基因 作物构建中显现出广阔的应用前景。随着合成生物学的高速发展，美国科学家报道合成了一个“人造生命” 。 但是，和人工染色体一样，所谓的“人造生命”，都是应用最新的基因工程技术，将不同的生命基础元件拼接 组装而成，脱离了细胞环境并不能够自由存在。 关键词：人工染色体；植物人工染色体；植物转基因；基因治疗 Advances and perspectives in artificial chromosomes LI Lin-Chuan, HAN Fang-Pu State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Abstract: Artificial chromosomes (ACs) are genetic-engineered vector systems with defined native chromosomal elements. ACs have large carrying capacity and genetic stability without integration into host genome, thus avoiding random insertion and positional effects. ACs were first successfully developed in yeast (Yeast artificial chromosome, YAC), and then in bacterium (Bacterial artificial chromosome, BAC), human (Human artificial chromosome, HAC), and plant (Plant artificial chromosome, PAC). Here, we summarized recent progress on ACs, especially, PAC. To date, YAC and BAC have been widely applied in genome sequencing and gene isolation, while HAC and PAC have been subjected to gene therapy, protein production, and plant transgenesis, respectively. Recently, American scientist reported a man-made genome of prokaryote Mycoplasma mycoides . However, like ACs, this man-made genome was also genetic-engineered product and can’t survive as an independent life