棒状银河特论I.DOC

Barred Galaxies Contents ?0 Introduction: Importance of Galactic Bars ?1 General Observed Properties of Barred Galaxies ?2 Dynamical Effects of Bars ?3 Dynamics of Bars ?4 Origins (Formation) of Bars ?5 Evolution of Bars ?6 High-z Bars: Cosmological Perspectives 　  §0 Introduction: Importance of Galactic Bars ( deserves one semester!) 0.1 Fundamentality and Ubiquity of bars Disk galaxy = disk + bulge + bar Hubble classification of galaxies Bar incidence along Hubble Sequence RC3 (B band visual morphology) (Elmegreen et al.,2004,ApJ,612,191) Near-infrared NGC 253 2MASS image (JHK) Near-infrared (Eskridge et al., 2000,AJ,119,536) Ohio State University (OSU) Bright Spiral Galaxy Survey (Eskridge et al. 2002, ApJS, 143, 73) [? BVRJHK imaging of 205 spirals (from RC3) with 0 ≦ T ≦ 9, MB ≦ 12, D ≦ 6.5, -80° δ +50° ? 6 telescopes (aperture 0.9-2.4m)] 186 galaxies with no companion, no peculiarities Visual inspection of H band images ( morphological types, bar types Comparison with optical classification RC3 (Third Reference Catalogue of Bright Glalaxies, de Vaucouleurs et al.,1991) D251’, B15.5, Vhel15000km/s + other interesting objects CAG (Carnegie Atlas of Galaxies, Sandage Bedke, 1994) ( optically weak bars (SAB) tend to be classified as strongly barred (SB) in H band (　H-band bar fraction not dependent on Hubble types ( Early types: H-band bar frequency = optical bar frequency ( Late types : H-band bar frequency optical bar frequency ( probably because of dust and young stars in late types) 0.2 Effect of bars on galaxy evolution Non-axisymmetric gravitational field ( redistribution of mass/angular momentum - Trigger nuclear starbursts and AGN - Secular formation of bulges - Formation of rings §1 General Observed Properties of Barred Galaxies　 1.1 Stellar Components　(optical observations) 　 1.1.1 Components of barred galaxies Disk + Bulge + Bar + Rings (nuclear ring, inner ring,　outer ring) + Lens 1.1.2 Structural parameters of bars length,