CHAPTER 8 Operating Systems and Utility Programs 2. Operating Systems课件.pptVIP

CHAPTER 8 Operating Systems and Utility Programs Operating Systems What is OS? Operating System is a software, which makes a computer to actually work. It is the software the enables all the programs we use. The OS organizes and controls the hardware. OS acts as an interface between the application programs and the machine hardware. Examples: Windows, Linux, Unix and Mac OS, etc., What OS does? An operating system performs basic tasks such as, controlling and allocating memory, prioritizing system requests, controlling input and output devices, facilitating networking and managing file systems. Structure of Operating System: Application Programs System Programs Software (Operating System) HARDWARE (Contd…) Structure of Operating System (Contd…): The structure of OS consists of 4 layers: Hardware Hardware consists of CPU, Main memory, I/O Devices, etc, Software (Operating System) Software includes process management routines, memory management routines, I/O control routines, file management routines. (Contd…) Structure of Operating System (Contd…): System programs This layer consists of compilers, Assemblers, linker etc. Application programs This is dependent on users need. Ex. Railway reservation system, Bank database management etc., Evolution of OS: The evolution of operating systems went through seven major phases. Six of them significantly changed the ways in which users accessed computers through the open shop, batch processing, multiprogramming, timesharing, personal computing, and distributed systems. In the seventh phase the foundations of concurrent programming were developed and demonstrated in model operating systems. (Contd…) Evolution of OS (contd..): Major Phases Technical Innovations Operating Systems Open Shop The idea of OS IBM 701 open shop (1954) Batch Processing Tape batching, First-in, first-out scheduling. BKS system (1961) Multi- programming Processor multiplexing, Indivisible operations, Demand paging