定语从句的学习难点.docVIP

定语从句的学习难点 所谓定语从句（THE ATTRABUTIVE CLAUSE）是指在主从复合句中修饰主句中的名词或代词的从句。定语从句在中学英语学习中是比较复杂却又是运用的比较广泛的一种从句形式,是历届高考英语必考的热点之一，也是参加高考的考生通常感到较难掌握的语言知识之一。而正确理解定语从句不仅在单项选择，而且在完形填空、阅读理解、短文改错以及书面表达中都非常重要，因为定语从句的掌握好坏直接影响到考生们对于复杂的符合句的理解能力。同学们务必认真分析历届高考中有关定语从句的语言难点、要点分布及命题轨迹，结合平时自己的薄弱环节及容易产生理解误区的内容进行归纳总结，特别需要注意以下起六个方面的学习难点： 一。选用关系代词还是关系副词？ 关系代词和关系副词的选择是定语从句的学习重点和难点。在定语从句中关系代词与关系副词都代替先行词在从句中充当一定的成分。如果该从句缺少主语、表语、宾语或定语，须用关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that等来引导定语从句；如果从句缺少状语时， 就得选用关系副词when,where,why等来引导包含定语从句的主从复合句。切记：务必根据先行词在定语从句中所从当的成分及从句的句子结构或功能来选择相应的关系代词或关系副词。试比较： （1）I still remember the days which we spent in London.（注：先行词days在从句中充当spent的宾语。） （2）I still remember the days when we studied in London..(注：先行词days 在从句中充当时间状语。) （3）I still remember the days in which we studied in the same class.(注：先行词days在从句中充当前置介词in的宾语。) 二．何时须用that引导何时不能用引导定语从句呢？ 1、that在限制性定语从句中既可指人又可指物，既可以作主语、宾语又可以作表语。在下列情况下须用that引导定语从句。 1）当先行词是指物的不定代词，如:all,much,little,everything,nothing,anything,one等时；但something作先行词时，也可以用which引导定语从句。例如： （4）That’s all that I know and I have nothing that I can tell you. （5）There is still something which/that I can’t tell you at present. 2）指物的先行词被不定代词all,much,few,little,every,each,some,no或被the only,the very,the same等限定词所修饰时。例如： （6）This is the only book that I really need. 3）先行词既指人又指物时。例如： （7）My father and his teacher talked a lot about the things and people that they could remember. 4）先行词在定语从句中作表语时。例如： （8）China is no longer the one that it used to be. 5）指物的先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词所修饰时。例如： （9）The first book that I read in English is Dickens’ novel. 6)、当主句是以Who或Which引导的特殊疑问句时。例如： （10）Which is the dictionary that he used yesterday? 2、在以下的情况下定语从句却不能用that引导定语从句： 1）先行词在定语从句中充当前置介词的宾语时，不能用that；指人时只能用whom 引导从句，指物时只能用which引导从句。例如： （11）The man about whom you are talking is our headmaster. 2）在非限制性定语从句中。例如： （12）It was in the street last Sunday that I met a friend, who had just come from New York. 3）先行词为someone, anyone, everyone, anybody, somebody, nobody , these ,those等指人的不定代词时。例如： （13）Anyone who breaks the law will