电动车论文.docVIP

摘 要 随着居民生活水平的不断提高，自行车不再仅仅是普通的运输、代步的工具，而是成为人们娱乐、休闲、锻炼的首选。自行车的速度里程表能够满足人们最基本的需求，让人们能清楚地知道当前的速度、里程等物理量。本论文主要阐述一种基于霍尔元件的自行车的速度里程表的设计。以 89C51RC单片机为核心，传感器测转数，实现对自行车里程/速度的测量统计，采用实现在系统掉电的时候保存里程信息，并能将自行车的里程数及速度用LED实时显示。文章详细介绍了自行车的速度里程表的硬件电路和软件设计。硬件部分利用将自行车每转一圈的脉冲数传入单片机系统，然后单片机系统将信号经过处理送显示。软件部分用汇编语言进行编程，采用模块化设计思想。该系统硬件电路简单，子程序具有通用性，完全符合设计要求。ABSTRACT With the developing of people’s life, the bicycle is not only the universal tool of transportation and substitute for walking, but becomes the first choice of entertainment and exercising. The bicycle mileage/speed can fulfill the basic need of people’s life, so that they can learn the speed and the mileage of the bicycle. In this paper, the bicycle mileage/speed design based on the Hall element is elaborated. By STC89C51RC as kernel, using photoelectricity sensing element to measure revolution, the measure and statistic are achieved. The range information is saved by the EEPROM of Single chip when the power is off, the bicycle speed can be displayed on LED. In this article, the hardware circuit and software design of bicycle mileage/speed instrument are introduced in detail. About the hardware, the pulse number is transmitted of one cycle of the bicycle into Single Chip Microcomputer system. Then the signal processed by Single Chip Microcomputer system is sent to display scream. About the software, in assemble language; the program is designed in the mode of modules. The system has simple hardware, common sub-program, and meets the demand of design. Keywords: Mileage / speed; photoelectricity sensing element; modules ;Single chip microcomputer; 目 录 一.序言 1 1.1前言 1 1.1.1电动车概况 1 1.1.2电动车仪表概况 3 1.2设计任务与目的 5 二.系统总体方案 5 2.1 系统原理设计思路 5 2.2检测元件选择 6 2.3 单片机选择 7 2.4 显示元件选择 8 2.5系统总体硬件流程 9 三.系统硬件设计 10 3.1硬件设计总体思路 10 3.2 单片机电路（主控电路设计） 12 3.2.1 芯片介绍 12 3.2.2时钟电路 15 3.3.3复位电路 16 3.3输入电路（数据采集电路设计） 17 3.3.1红外光电传感器介绍 17 3.3.2整形电路 19 3.3.3输入电路设计 20 3.4 输出电路 21 3.4.1数据显示 21 3.4.2 超速报警 22 四.电动车的里程速度表的软件设计 24 4.1概述 24 4.2 自行车的速度里程表总体程序设计 24 4