Stereo及chemistry.ppt

Chapter 7 Stereochemistry 7.1 Molecular Chirality and Enantiomers 7.1.1 Molecular Chirality and Enantiomers Characteristic of enantiomers Chiral molecules Chirality 7.1.2 Molecular Symmetry and Asymmetric Molecules Symmetric elements Achiral Molecules 7.1.3 Properties of Chiral Molecules: Optical Activity 7.1.4 Representation and Nomenclature of Chiral Molecules A. Representation Fischer projections B. Naming enantiomers with one stereocenter by R-S notational system 7.2 Chiral Molecules With Two Stereocenters 7.2.1 Chiral Molecules With Two Different Stereocenter Diastereomers 7.2.2 Stereoisomers With Two Same Stereocenters Meso-form 7.2.3 Resolution of Enantiomers Cis-, Trans Molecular structure Molecular constitution Constitutional isomers: to have the same Molecular formula. Molecular configuration （构型） Stereoisomers: The same mole. constitution The different spatial arrangement of atoms or groups Enantiomers (对映异构体) Diastereomers (非对映异构体) The former is unchang- ed by rota- tion of C-C Single bond Configurational isomers ? Molecular confor- mation(构象) Conformers: The same configuration The different spatial arrangement of atoms or groups by rotation of C-C single bond The atoms are bonded in different order: C skeleton isomers;isomers of the functional group site;isomers of functional group: Ex. CH3CH2OH, CH3OCH3 7.1 Molecular Chirality[手(征)性] and Enantiomers 7.1.1 Molecular Chirality and Enantiomers P183 A tetrahedron C is bonded to four different groups, it’s not superposable on its mirror image Ex. Bromochlorofluoromethane: Enantiomers Characteristic of enantiomers The same mole. constitution. 2. The relationship of enantiomers: object and mirror image 3. Nonsuperposable 4. The same physical properties, the similar chemical properties. Chiral molecules: with its enantiomer Chirality: Mo