解破学 1.2关节学详解.pptVIP

Content The General Description. The Joints of the Bones of Trunk. The Joints of the Upper Limbs. The Joints of the Lower Limbs The Joints of the Skull. Diarthrosis [da?ɑr θros?s] [da?ɑ? θr?us?s] 可动关节 The synovial membrane (layer) invests (包埋, 围膜) the inner surface of the fibrous layer and other structures inside the joint except the articular cartilages. The synovial membrane secretes the synovial fluid that fills the joint cavity and lubricates the joint. The menisc (半月板) 手指自中指向外的偏移是外展；手指自外向中指的合拢是内收。 Example for the hinge joint The radioulnar joint (桡尺关节) The atlantoaxial joint (寰枢关节) Requirement: answer every question in English. 谢 谢 聆 听！ 欢 迎 指 导！ These two antagonistic (拮抗的) movements are performed in the coronal axis (冠状轴) as well as ohters. The flexion and extension (屈和伸) The adduction and abduction (收和展) The adduction means that the movement of a part is toward the midline of the body. The abduction is moving a part away from the midline. The adduction and abduction view (收和展) 矢状轴上的运动。内收是向正中面靠拢的运动；外展是离开正中面的运动。 The adduction and abduction view (收和展) It occurs when a bone spins (自旋) around a central vertical axis without undergoing any displacement (转移) from the axis. The rotation (旋转) 围绕垂直轴或它本身纵轴的旋转运动。 Vertical axis 垂直轴 Medial rotation 旋内 Lateral rotation 旋外 The rotation view The movements are specially for the forearm, two types may be divided: Pronation: anterior surface turning medially. Supination: anterior surface turning laterally. The pronation and supination (旋前和旋后) The movements are specially for the foot, two types may be divided: Inversion (内翻): sole(足底) is inward. Eversion (外翻): sole (足底) is outward. The inversion and eversion (内翻和外翻) It is a movement in which the distal end of a bone moves in a circular path while the position of the proximal end remains relatively stable. The circumduction (环转) 骨的近侧端在原位运动，远侧端作圆周运动，全骨描绘成一圆锥形的轨迹