184917DLo_看图王.pdf

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184917DLo_看图王

Clinical Expert Series Abnormal Placentation Placenta Previa, Vasa Previa, and Placenta Accreta Robert M. Silver, MD Placental disorders such as placenta previa, placenta accreta, and vasa previa are all associated with vaginal bleeding in the second half of pregnancy. They are also important causes of serious fetal and maternal morbidity and even mortality. Moreover, the rates of previa and accreta are increasing, probably as a result of increasing rates of cesarean delivery, maternal age, and assisted reproductive technology. The routine use of obstetric ultrasonography as well as improving ultrasonographic technology allows for the antenatal diagnosis of these conditions. In turn, antenatal diagnosis facilitates optimal obstetric management. This review emphasizes an evidence-based approach to the clinical management of pregnancies with these conditions as well as highlights important knowledge gaps. (Obstet Gynecol 2015;126:654–68) DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000001005 PLACENTA PREVIA (eg, 3.2 cm over the os or 1.3 cm away from the Background os) should be reported for low-lying placentas. The incidence is estimated to be 1 in 200 Placenta previa is defined as the placenta overlying the endocervical os. In the past, previas were pregnancies at term and varies throughout the characterized as complete, partial, and marginal world.2,3 The incidence appears to have increased in depending on how much of the internal endocervical relationship to th

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