2016北京大学翻译硕士专业考研《英语国家概况》精讲笔记.pdf

MTI “英语国家概况”精讲笔记 Chapter27.Australia(capital: Canberra) 堪培拉 1)Australia’s geographical features: ①an old continent of 3 billion years;②the flatest and lowest of all the continent s with n high mountains.the highest point is Mount Kosc iusk at 2,255 meters above sea level.地理特征 ：1.最古老的陆 地 ，有3亿年的历史 ；2.最平坦、最低的陆地 ，没有高山。最高点是 科修斯科山，海拔2255米 2)Australia’s geographical structure: the country is general ly divided int three regions according t the shape of th e surface land:the Great Western Plateau; the Eastern High lands and the Central Eastern Lowlands.地理结构 ：通常分成3 个地形区：西部大高原，东部高地和中东部低地。 3)Factors that affect Australia’s climate:tw district feature s of climate—a hot continent and a dry continent.①39% f Australia lies in the tropics and most of the rest is close t it.②few mountains ③the dry,sunny,the high pressure c ells that affect it most of the years als make the contine nt hot and dry.④most of Australia is far from the ocean. 影响气候的因素 ：既干燥又炎热。1.39%地区处于热带 ，其他地区均 气候温暖2.山地稀少3.全年大部分时间影响气候的干旱、晴朗、气压 高致使陆地干燥和炎热。4.大部分地区都远离海洋。 4)Composition of Australia’ a population: Australia has a population of 18 million, 1. 5% of which, that is 250000 are Aboriginal and Torres str ait Islander people.is one of the most urbanized counties i n the world.80% of Australians live in the suburbs of coas tal cities and towns.人口分布 ：1800万 ，25万土著人和托雷斯海 峡岛民 ，占澳人口的1.5%。是世界上城市化程度最高的国家之一 ，8 0%的人居住在沿海城镇的郊区。 5)Australia’s built environment(r.478)建设环境 6)Political divisions in Australia: six states （州）and tw ter ritories(区)-New South Wales;Victoria;Queensland; South Au stralia; Western Australia; Tasmania; Northern Territory; Au stralian Capital Territory.行政区划：分为6个州和2个区—新南 威尔士 ；维多利亚 ；昆士兰；南澳大利亚 ；西澳大利亚 ；塔斯马尼亚 州；北部地区 Canburry is an Aboriginal word for “meeting place”and f rom it came the name of the capital,Canberra. Chapter33.New Zealand(capital: Wellington)惠灵顿 1)New Zealand’s geography:①New Zealand is in the Sout hern Pacific Ocean,halfway between the equator and the S