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Materials Characterization 108 (2015) 102–114 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Materials Characterization journal homepage: /locate/matchar Friction stir processing of an aluminum-magnesium alloy with pre-placing elemental titanium powder: In-situ formation of an Al3Ti-reinforced nanocomposite and materials characterization F. Khodabakhshi a,⁎, A. Simchi b,c, A.H. Kokabi b, A.P. Gerlich d a Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiraz University, Zand Boulevard, Shiraz, Iran b Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9466, Azadi Avenue, 14588 Tehran, Iran c Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9466, Azadi Avenue, 14588 Tehran, Iran d Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: A fine-grained Al–Mg/Al Ti nanocomposite was fabricated by friction stir processing (FSP) of an aluminum-magne- 3 Received 19 May 2015 sium (AA5052) alloy with pre-placed titanium powder in the stirred zone. Microstructural evolutions and formation Received in revised form 13 August 2015 of intermetallic phases were analyzed by optical and electron microscopic techniques across the thickness section of Accepted 27 August 2015 the processed sheets. The microstructure of the nanocomposite cons