电动汽车充电设备电气检测技术及标准研究-电测与仪表.DOCVIP

汽车起动用蓄电池健康诊断及应急点火仪的研制* 曲伟，颜湘武 （华北电力大学，河北 保定 071003） 摘要：文章提出通过检测汽车起动用蓄电池开路电压、放电电流、终止电压及环境温度，综合测算蓄电池的电动势、内阻、冷起动电流及荷电容量；并通过量化蓄电池开路、单格短路、完全短路、硫化及性能退化等状态的特征，形成汽车起动用蓄电池的健康诊断方案；同时，结合实际需求，考虑汽车应急起动的安全性和便捷性，将健康诊断与应急点火功能集成，研制汽车起动蓄电池健康诊断及应急点火仪；试验表明该仪器具有良好的诊断和应急点火性能。 关键词：汽车起动用蓄电池；失效机理；健康诊断；应急点火仪 中图分类号：TM932；TM912 文献标识码：B 文章编号：1001-1390（2015）00-0000-00 Development of a device for health diagnosis of automobile starter battery and emergency ignition Qu Wei, Yan Xiangwu (North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, Hebei, China) Abstract: In this paper, through comprehensive detection of the open circuit voltage, discharge current, final voltage, and environment temperature of the automobile starter battery, the electromotive force, internal resistance, cold start current, and the state of charge are calculated. And by quantifying the characteristics of state when battery is at the condition of open circuit, single-cell short circuit, dead short, vulcanization and performance degradation, the automobile starter batteries health diagnostic program is formed. Meanwhile, the health diagnosis and emergency ignition are functional integrated together considering the actual usage requirements, the safety and convenience of the car emergency starter, to develop, the automotive starter battery health diagnosis and emergency ignition device. The test shows that the device has good diagnosis and emergency ignition performance. Keywords: automobile starter batteries, failure mechanisms, health diagnosis, emergency ignition device 0引 言汽车电池是汽车起动、点火、照明、车载电子装置以及电动门窗的动力或工作电源。正常起动汽车时，发动机从静止到怠速运转，通常需要蓄电池提供300A、持续3-5s的强电流，而在冬季，起动电流需要提高至500-600A 或更高[1]。此外，点火系统需要蓄电池提供5-(15A、20-100Hz的周期脉冲点火电流[2]。即使汽车静置时，车上的电子设施也会消耗电能，出现人们俗称的“溜电”现象，长时间“溜电”会使蓄电池亏容。在我国北方，冬天气候寒冷，昼夜温差大，蓄电池长期亏容还会导致电解质结晶析出，又称硫化，即蓄电池内部负极板、板栅的表面附着一层白色坚硬的硫酸铅结晶体，正常充电也难以剥离，不能使之转化为活性物质，造成蓄电池性能下降；硫化严重时会导致蓄电池充不进电或“一充就满,一跑就光”的问题。由此可见，汽车蓄电池的良好性能是汽车顺利起动及工作的重要保证，研究汽车蓄电池的健康诊断和应急起动方法，开发用于汽车蓄电池健康诊断和应急起动的专门仪器，具有现实意义和应用价值。 1