Lecture 2. 主谓一致.ppt

Lecture 2 and Lecture 3Subject-verb Concord All that glitters ____ (be) not gold. 发光的不都是金子。 Practice ______(make) perfect. 熟能生巧。 Actions _____(speak) louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 Every dog ____ (have) his day. 人人皆有得意日。 1.Guiding principles 1) Grammatical concord 2) Notional concord 3) Principle of Proximity 主谓一致是指： 1） 语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2） 意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 3） 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。 Both boys have their own merits. Every girl comes on time. Much effort is wasted.  The government have asked the country to decide by a vote. Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me. Neither Julia nor I am going. 2. Problems of concord with nouns ending in –s 1) Disease and game names ending in –s 2) Subject names ending in –ics 3) Geographical names endings in –s 4) Other nouns ending in -s 英语中一些以-s结尾的疾病名称通常作单数用： Mumps ( be ) kind of infectious disease. is Phlebitis ( be ) a swollen condition of the blood vessels. is 但有一些疾病既可作单数又可作复数用： Generally，measles occurs in children. Measles are sometimes caused by a tapeworm. Rickets is /are caused by malnutrition. 表示游戏的名称通常作单数用： Darts ( be ) essentially a free and easy game. is billiards, darts, dominoes, draughts, fives, marbles, skittles Cards ( be ) not allowed here. are Three darts ( be ) thrown at each turn. are Marbles ( vary ) in kind and quality. vary Subject names ending in –ics 视为单数 physics, mathematics, mechanics, optics, acoustics, politics, statistics, economics, linguistics, athletics, tactics, aeronautics, genetics My mathematics are rather shaky. Athletics have been greatly promoted at this college. acoustics statistics tactics mechanics economics politics Geographical names endings in –s the United States, the United Nations the Netherlands 等 视为单数 The United States (hit ) by the Great Depression in 1930s. was hit In earl