树木次生木质部水分的分布和移动.pdf

木材学会志 Vol.59,No.1 2013 树木次生木质部水分的分布和移动 内海泰弘(九州大学农学研究院) Analytical Methods for Water Distribution and Water Movement in Secondary Xylem of Trees Yasuhiro UTSUMI Trees essentially require water for their survival Most of water is in the secondary xylem, and the water is consumed for transpiration and metabolism. Water distribution and movement in the secondary xylem have been analyzed from the microscopic level such as vessel and tracheid to the individual level using various methods depending on the study purpose. Moisture content measurement can evaluate the quantitative water volume at the macro level, and X-ray microscopy, cryo-scanning electron microscopy, magnetic resonance imaging and X-ray computer tomography enable detail analysis of water distribution at the microscopic level. Sap flow measurement is a standard method to quantify the individual tree water movement, and isotope and dye injection methods are useful to assess the water transport pathway. Measurement principle, advantage and disadvantage of each method are discussed, and their application to trees is summarized. Keywords : moisture content, X-ray microscopy, cryo-SEM, dye injection. 树木的生存离不开水。树木的水分大都存在于木材的次生木质部内，供树木的蒸发及 代谢。关于次生木质部内部的水分分布和移动的研究，根据目的有不同的尺度，宏观水平 可以大到树木个体，微观水平可以小到每个导管、管胞这种显微镜下观察的微观结构。本 稿通过测定含水率来定量分析树木中的水分分布，同时又通过 X 射线显微镜法、冷冻扫描 电镜法(cryo-SEM法)、磁共振成像法、X射线CT法来定性分析树木组织结构内部的水分分 布。另外，关于水分移动的速度、路径方面的分析手段，介绍了树液流动计测法、同位素 法及染料注入法。文稿中讨论了各种方法的测定原理、实用性及应用范围，同时又将这些 知识由树木扩展到植物的范畴。 存在树干中，形成了树木的横向生长。一般认为， 1.前言