焊接裂纹产生及预防.pdfVIP

Why Do Welds Crack? 焊缝为什么会开裂？ David Wang 王秀伟 When did the crack occur? 何时出现裂纹？ During fabrication? 生产中？ In service? 运行中？ Where is the crack? 裂纹出现在哪里？ Longitudinal Crack纵向裂纹 Transverse Crack横向裂纹 Throat Crack焊喉处裂纹 Toe Crack 焊趾裂纹 Crater Cracks in Aluminum Weld铝焊接中的弧坑裂纹 Underbead Cracks焊道 下裂纹 Centerline Cracking 焊缝中心裂纹 Underbead Cracking焊道下裂纹 Transverse Cracking横向裂纹 Centerline Cracking焊道中心裂纹 Centerline Cracking 焊道中心裂纹 (even though not in center of joint)即使不在中间 Centerline Cracking 焊道中心裂纹 Cause 1: Segregation Cracking 原因1：偏析裂纹 • Low melting point constituents segregate to the centerline during solidification在凝固时低 熔点的元素聚集到中间 Low Melting Point Ingredients 低熔点的元素 •Carbon (C)碳 •Lead (Pb)铅 •Zinc (Sn)锌 •Copper (Cu)铜 •Phosphorous (P)磷 •Sulfur (S)硫 Segregation Cracking 偏析裂纹 Solutions:解决的方法 • Use “good” steel使用 “好”的钢 材 – Low in low melting point constituents减少 低熔点的元素 TWI Hot Cracking Susceptibility: TWI热裂纹敏感指数 UCS = 230C + 190S + 75P + 45Nb – 12.3 Si - 5.4 Mn – 1 UCS 10 “High Resistance to Cracking不易开裂” UCS 30 “Strong Susceptibility to Cracking非常容易开裂” Based on WELD METAL Composition基于母材的成分 Linnert 4th Edition, Volume 1 TWI Hot Cracking Susceptibility: UCS = 230C + 190S + 75P + 45Nb – 12.3 Si - 5.4 Mn – 1 Cracking Contributors裂纹支持元素 TWI Hot Cracking Susceptibility: UCS = 230C + 190S + 75P + 45Nb – 12.3 Si - 5.4 Mn – 1 Cracking Resistors 裂纹阻止元素 Segregation Cracking 偏析裂纹 Solutions:解决方法 • Use “good” steel使用 “好”的钢 材 – Low in low melting point constituents减少 低熔点的元素 – Avoid “free machining” steels for welded applications 避免使用“不需机加工”