地质钻探中钻柱与孔壁间摩擦扭矩实验研究.pdfVIP

摘要 随着地质找矿深度的增加，钻探过程中钻柱不断加长，越来越多的能量消耗 在钻柱与孔壁的摩擦之间。为减少能量消耗，很有必要研究钻柱与孔壁间的摩擦 问题，而摩擦扭矩是摩擦问题中比较关键的一个参数。 对于摩擦扭矩的研究从摩擦类型、发生条件、影响因素三个方面进行研究， 然后建立钻柱与孔壁的摩擦系统。 根据钻柱在孔内运动形式，确定摩擦的类型为滑动摩擦和滚动摩擦的耦合， 并且在特殊工况下还会存在静摩擦。分析孔内钻柱微段受力形式，总结出直孔中 摩擦发生条件为：钻柱在孔内受压弯曲至孔壁处，产生接触力；钻柱相对于孔壁 运动或具有运动的趋势，摩擦就会产生。 根据钻柱孔内工况，确定影响摩擦扭矩的因素：包括钻柱的材质、运动受 力形式，地层的情况，冲洗介质的性质，孔内环境等。利用摩擦学系统相关概念， 综合这些因素建立钻柱-孔壁的摩擦系统。 由于摩擦扭矩发生在孔内，不易观察和直接测量。井场实测虽然可以得到 摩擦扭矩，但是花费较高，而且不易用来有针对性的研究。所以决定采用室内实 验模拟的方法来研究摩擦扭矩的影响因素。 采用室内实验的方法对钻柱的转速、轴向力、横向位移、接触力以及模拟 井筒这五个因素与摩擦扭矩间的关系进行研究。通过分析数据，总结出影响因素 与摩擦扭矩间的关系，并得到拟合方程；然后运用摩擦学的黏着理论对这些规律 进行解释。将得到的实验规律结合钻探实践，用来指导钻探规程合理化，并为后 续的钻探功率传递规律做准备。 关键词: 摩擦扭矩，钻柱，实验，地质钻探。 Experimental Research on Frictional Torque between Drill String and Wall in Geological Drilling Abstract With the depth of geological prospecting increasing, most part of energy is consumed in the friction between drill string and wall in the drilling process. In order to reduce energy consumption, its necessary to study frictional torque between drill string and wall, which is one of the most important frictional problems. The type of friction was determined as sliding and rolling friction, from the motion of drill string, and static friction in some special conditions. Also, the mechanism of friction was summarized according to the force analysis of micro section of drilling, which is that when the micro section was compressed to the hole wall, the contact force comes out; at the same time the friction also came out along with the motion or the trend of motion between drill string and the hole wall. According to the condition of drill string in hole wall, the influence factors of friction torque was summarized including material ,motion and force of drilling, for