Numerical solution of two classes of fractional order diffusion equations两类变阶分数阶扩散方程数值求解.pdfVIP

摘 要 分数阶微分方程是整数阶微分方程的推广，它能非常有效地模拟物质的记忆和遗 传性质。近几十年来，分数阶微分方程被广泛地应用于很多科学工程领域，如物理、 金融、水文学等。许多学者通过特殊函数构造了大量的分数阶微分方程的解析解，但 是大多数特殊函数的形式非常复杂、计算量很大，使得求解分数阶微分方程面临着严 峻的困难。这时，数值求解分数阶微分方程具有重要的实际意义。 本文所作工作如下： 1）针对一类如下的二维变阶变系数对流扩散方程 ∂u(x, y, t) ∂()u(x, y, t) ∂1+()u(x, y, t) ∂t =c(x, y, t) ∂x() + d(x, y, t) ∂x1+() ∂ ()u(x, y, t) ∂1+ ()u(x, y, t) + e(x, y, t) ∂y () + g (x, y, t) ∂y1+ () . 分别提出数值求解该方程的显式有限差分格式和隐式有限差分格式，并运用能量方法 证明了显式格式是条件稳定和收敛的，而隐式格式是无条件稳定和收敛的。 2 ）针对如下变时间分数阶扩散方程 2 () ∂ u(x, t) 0 D u(x, t) = ∂x2 + f (x, t), (x, t) ∈ Ω = [0, L] × [0, T]. 构造了数值求解该方程的隐式有限差分格式，并讨论了该格式的稳定性和收敛性，证 明了该格式是无条件稳定和收敛的，且具有一阶时间精确度。 也进行了一定量的数值实验，其结果进一步验证了算法的有效性和理论分析的正 确性。 关键词：二维变阶变系数分数阶对流扩散方程；变时间分数阶扩散方程；有限差 分方法；稳定性；收敛性 I Abstract Fractional order differential equation is a generalization of the integer order differential equation, it can very effectively describe memory and genetic properties of material. In recent decades, the fractional order differential equations are widely used in many scientific and engineering fields, such as physics, finance, and hydrology, etc. Many scholars have constructed lots of the analytical solution of the fractional order differential equation through using special function. But many special functions are very complex and hard to calculate. At this time, the numerical solving for fractional order differential equation has important practical significance. The main contents of this paper are represented 1) In order to solve two-dimensional variable coefficient spatial variable-order advection- dispersion equation as follows ∂u(x, y, t) ∂()u(x, y, t)