超声波水位检测仪的设计（原理图+说明书+开题报告+翻译）.docVIP

摘 要 液位测量在石油、化工、气象等领域均可寻得其踪迹。众多液位测量方案中，超声波液位计是发展较快、应用较为广泛的一种液位测量仪表。它属于非接触式的测量方式，其原理基于两点，其一超声波在同种介质中传播速度相对恒定，其二它碰到障碍物能反射。与其他方法相比，它不受被测对象的某些特性的影响，如光线，对象颜色等。它还具有非接触、高精度、价格低廉等优点，是作为水位测量的理想手段。近年来，数字信号处理技术与微处理器技术的进步使得超声波液位计得到完善。 本课题详细介绍了超声波传感器的原理和特性，以及Atmel公司的AT89S51单片机的性能和特点；并在深入理解超声波测距原理的基础上，指出了水位测量系统设计思路和所需注意的问题，设计出了以AT89S52单片机为控制中心的超声波水位检测仪的硬件及软件实施方案。该系统可实时控制，还具有工作稳定、性能良好、测量精度高等优势。通过盲区消除、温度补偿以及软件上的中值滤波，提高了系统的测量精度，该系统的测量精度已经达到工业使用指标。本课题的研究内容主要有以下几个方面：介绍与超声波测距相关的技术，分析超声波测距的可行性以及用超声波测量的重难点；阐述超声波水位测量系统的设计方案；说明了环境温度对测量精度产生的影响并设计补偿校正方案。 关键词：单片机；超声波；温度补偿；高精度测距 Abstract Level measurement’ traces can be fond in the petroleum, chemical industry, meteorology and other fields. Among all the measurement instruments for water level, ultrasonic instrument for water level measurement is faster developed and used more widely. It is a non-contact measurement. Its principle of measurement is based on two points, one is that its velocity is relatively constant in the same kind of media, and the other is that when meets the obstacle it would reflect. Compared with other methods, this methods is not affected by some characteristics when used to measure object, such as light, the color of the object. Besides it also possesses a lot of advantages, for example non-contact, high-precision, low cost, etc., and it is an ideal means of level measurement. In recent years, with the advancement of digital signal processing technology and microprocessor technology, the ultrasonic level meter has been improved. This paper describes in detail the principles and characteristics of the ultrasonic sensor, and the performance and features of AT89S51 MCU of Atmel Corporation. And after in-depth understanding of ultrasonic distance measurement principle based on the indicated water level measurement systems, the paper pay attention to some issue the design would emerge and provide the design ideas of ultrasonic distance measurement system. Besides, it also makes a design implementation which use AT89S52 mic