临夏县气象灾害特征及成因分析.docVIP

临夏县气象灾害特征及成因分析 　　摘要 通过1968―2008年气象灾害资料，分析临夏县气象灾害的主要特征，具有多样性、高频次、重叠性。灾害分布具有季节性、区域性突出的特点，整个县成灾面积不是很大，但累积损失较大。地理位置、当地气候、人文环境是形成临夏县气象灾害的主要原因。特殊的地形地貌、山高坡陡、降雨集中是形成临夏县气象灾害的地理环境因素。临夏县地处内陆，大陆性气候显著，气候因素随地势高度变化十分明显，是决定临夏县气象灾害的主要气候背景。人口逐增、植被分布不均、北部水土流失严重是加剧临夏县气象灾害频繁发生和损失严重的主要人为因素。同时，总结了临夏县气象灾害的防灾减灾对策。 　　关键词 气象灾害；地理环境；人文环境；特征；成因；甘肃临夏 　　中图分类号 P429 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2016）22-0184-02 　　Abstract The major characteristics of meteorological disasters in Yunnan Province were analyzed by using weather disaster data during 1968-2008.The weather disasters in Linxia County showed characteristics of diversity，high frequency and overlaps，the seasonality and regionality of its distribution were prominent. The inundated area of whole county was not large，but the cumulative loss was great. The main reasons for the meteorological disasters formation of Linxia County were geographical location，local climate and the human environment. The geographical environment factors of formation of meteorological disaster were the special landform，high mountain steep and rainfall concentrated. The main climate background of meteorological disasters was the inland location，significant continental climate，and changes of climate factors with the terrain height change were obvious.Human factors of meteorological disasters were increasing population，uneven vegetation distribution and the serious soil erosion in the north. Meanwhile，prevention and mitigation measures of meteorological disasters in Linxia County were also summarized. 　　Key words meteorological disasters；geographical environment；human environment；characteristics；causes；Linxia Gansu 　　临夏县气象灾害种类多，尤其是干旱、暴雨、洪涝、低温冷害所造成的危害最严重，是临夏州气象灾害频繁的县份之一。由于临夏县地处内陆地带，属温带大陆性季风气候，气候因素随地势高度变化明显，临夏县海拔高度及地形的影响造成气候在水平方向和垂直方向上的依次变化和光、热、水明显的地域性差异，形成了鲜明的区域气象灾害特征[1-2]。 　　1 临夏县气象灾害的特征 　　临夏县气象灾害具有多样性、高频次、重叠性的特点，其种类繁多，主要有干旱、暴雨、洪涝、冰雹（表1）。同时，还伴发与气象因素有关的衍生灾害，如滑坡、泥石流、山洪、农作物病虫害等，临夏县是临夏州自然灾害较严重的县份之一，每年受气象灾害面积占全州种植面积的12%左右，在各种自然灾害造成的损失中，气象灾害超过地震灾害和地质灾害。各类气象灾害在临夏县发生频率较高（表1）。气象灾害