表面活性剂对微生物降解污水中有机物的影响.docx

表面活性剂对微生物降解污水中有机物的影响刘赫（同济大学建筑设计研究院（集团）有限公司，上海 200092）摘 要：通过确定污水进水水质和活性污泥的性质，对微生物降解动力学进行定量描述，对活性污泥法污水处理系统的数学模型模 拟是非常必要的。文章研究了活性污泥法降解含有表面活性剂污水的动力学参数，并对污水的成分进行了定性分析（以 COD 分数的形式 表达）。5 种表面活性剂分别为 3 种阴离子型的和 2 种非离子型的，每种均与进水混合形成表面活性剂的浓度为 50 mg/L 的人工配制工业 污水。增大污水中表面活性剂的浓度会降低微生物对营养物质的亲和力。在含有表面活性剂的污水中，异养微生物的最高生长比速率（μmax）也维持在较高水平，但是低于不含表面活性剂的情况。含有苯环的表面活性剂最容易抑制活性污泥系统的生物降解能力。关键词：阴离子表面活性剂； 非离子型表面活性剂； 生物降解； COD 分数； 动力学参数中图分类号：X703.1文献标志码：Adoi：10.3969/j.issn.1003-6504.2014.01.028文章编号：1003-6504(2014)01-0144-04Effect of Surfactants on the Biodegradation of Organic Matter in Industrial WastewaterLIU He（Architectural Design（Group）Co. Ltd.，Tongji University，Shanghai 200092，China）Abstract：While using the contemporary mathematical models for the simulation of activated sludge systems，it is necessary to describe quantitatively the kinetics of microbiological process and to characterize wastewater components in the influent and activated sludge. Kinetic parameters of the aerobic biodegradation of organic matter in wastewater containing synthetic surfactants in an activated sludge system were determined and discussed. Also the composition of the tested wastewater was estimated andexpressed as COD fractions. Five synthetic surfactants，including three anionic and two nonionic，of different chemical structureswere investigated，each of them was tested separately and dissolved in wastewater to obtain a concentration of 50 mg/L，which can be found in some industrial wastewater. The presence of the elevated amount of synthetic surfactants in wastewater decreased theaffinity of biomass to substrate. Nevertheless，the maximum specific growth rates （μma）xof heterotrophic biomass exposed towastewater containing surfactants were high but usually lower than μmax estimated for wastewater without surfactant. Surfactants， which contain a benzene ring，are the most likely to deteriorate wastewater treatment process in the activated sludge system.Key words：anionic surfactants；nonionic surfactants；