光纤通信技术基础 陈根祥 光电子技术基础5.pptVIP

晶体光学和电光器件Crystal Optics and Electro-Optic Devices （三） * * Photoelastic Effects The General Theory Assume the index ellipsoid of a medium without strain is: When a strain S is applied, the index ellipsoid of the medium becomes: Both ΔB and S are symmetric tensors, so the photoelastic Eq. is simplified to: pij is the photoelastic coefficient matrix of the medium. The rule for the indices arrangement is as following: (Linear Photoelastic Effect) Photoelastic Coefficient Matrix for Some Materials Isotropic Medium LiNbO3 Examples Fused Silica (Optical Fiber) The index ellipsoid of fused silica without strain is: When a strain S is applied in x direction, the index ellipsoid becomes: Applications: polarization controller; polarization maintained fiber. (Strain Induced Birefring.) Ⅲ-ⅤCompound Semiconductors The index ellipsoid without strain is: When a strain S is applied in x direction, the index ellipsoid becomes: (Biaxial Crystal) (Isotropic Crystal) Acousto-Optic Effects Strain Induced by An Acoustic Wave An acoustic wave propagated in k direction can be expressed as: The strain tensor S induced by the wave is: Consider an acoustic wave propagated in z direction in an isotropic medium: Dynamic Index Gratings Induced by Acoustic Waves The induced strain is: Due to the acoustic wave, the index ellipsoid becomes: Strain Induced Perturbation to The Medium Polarization Perturbation to The Medium Polarization When an acoustic wave applied, the medium polarization P=ε0 χ?E (χ = εr-1) will be changed to P+ΔP with ΔP= ε0 (Δχ)?E, and Δχ= Δεr. That is: The Relationship Between εij and Bij Result in: In the principal dielectric coordinate system, the index ellipsoid is: or equivalently: (valid for any case) From we obtained: And finally: Coupled Wave Equations The Wave Equations w/o acoustic wave: With an acoustic wave applied, the medium polarization P will be changed to P+ΔP. The corresponding wave eqs. are: w/ acoustic wave: In the