基于80C51单片机的步进电动机的加减速控制方案.docVIP

摘要 近十年来, 步进电动机获得了很大的发展, 尤其是随着计算技术、微电子技术和数字技术的发展, 步进电动机的应用领域日益广阔。步进电机是一种纯粹的数字控制电机，是将电脉冲信号转变为角位移或线位移的开环控制元件。步进电动机的输入量是脉冲序列，输出量则为相应的增量位移或步进运动。正常运动情况下，它每转一周具有固定的步数；做连续步进运动时，其旋转转速与输入脉冲的频率保持严格的对应关系，不受电压波动和负载变化的影响。 本文应用单片机AT89C51为核心，以ULN2003A步进电机驱动器等，构建了步进电机控制器和驱动器为一体的步进电机控制系统。通过AT89C51和C语言程序完成步进电机的各种运行控制方式，实现步进电机在4相8拍的工作方式下的正反转控制和加减速控制，使步进电机在电脉冲的控制下能迅速起动、正反转、停转及在很宽的范围内进行转速调节。 整个系统采用模块化设计，结构简单，可靠，通过接口可实现各功能设置，操作简单，易于掌握。该系统可应用于步进电机在机电一体化控制等大多数场合。 实践证明，基于单片机控制的步进电机比传统的步进控制器具有更好的性能，更加简单、方便、可靠。本设计的主要研究对象就是开环伺服系统中最常用的执行器件——步进电机。 关键词：步进电机，单片机，正反转控制，加减速控制 Based on the 80C51 SCM step-motor deceleration control scheme Abstract During the past ten years, stepping motor obtained very big development, especially with computing technology, microelectronics technology and the development of digital technology, stepping motor applications increasingly wide. Stepping motor is a kind of pure digital control motors, is to signal into electrical impulses for angular displacement or line open loop control components. Stepping motor inputs is pulse sequence, output is corresponding incremental displacement or stepping movement. The normal movement every turn circumstances, it has fixed moves a week; Make a stepping movement, its rotation speed and input pulse frequency to maintain strict corresponding relation, do not suffer voltage fluctuation and load change This paper applies single-chip AT89C51 as the core, with ULN2003A stepping motor drives, etc, to construct the step-motor controller and the drive for the integration of stepping motor control system. Through the AT89C51 and C language program finish stepping motor operational control mode and realization step-motor in 4 phases of 8 pat work under the way of positive negative control and deceleration control, make the stepping motor under the control of the electrical impulses can quickly starting, positive negative, stall and at a wide range of speed regulation. The whole system USES modular design, simple structure