2013高考英语：（二十二）二轮语法学案（直接引语和间接引语）（训练题配答案或解析）.docVIP

2013高考英语：（22）二轮语法学案（直接引语和间接引语）（训练题配答案或解析） 直接引语和间接引语(一) 引述别人的话时，一般采用两种方式：一是引用别人的原话，把它放在引号内，称为直接引语；二是用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内，称为间接引语。间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从句。直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序。1．直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连词that引导。 eg： She said．“1 am very happy to be with you．” She said that she was very happy to be with me． 2．直接引语是一般疑问句时，变成间接引语，由连词whether或if引导。 eg： He asked me，“Do you like watching TV?”→He asked me if/whether I liked watching TV． if和whether在引导宾语从句时可以互换，但后紧跟or not时， 一般只用whether。 eg：She asked me whether or not he could do the work． 3．直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的疑问词who，whom，whose，how， when，why，where等引导。 eg： My sister asked me．“How do you like the play?一My s‘ister asked me how I liked the play．4．祈使句变间接引语，采用“动词+sb．+to do sth．”的形式，其否定形式是在不定式前加not，即“动词+sb．+not to do sth．”。表示请求时用动词askorder/telI；表示建议时用动词advise。 eg： “Follow your teachers instructions，”Mother said to me． Mother told me to follow my teachers instructions． (1)直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等，变成间接引语时，时态仍然用一般现在时态。 eg： They told their son．“The earth goes round the sun．→ They told their son that the earth goes round the sun． (2)直接引语变间接引语时，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。 this→that，these→those，now→then，today→that day，yesterday→the day be-fore，last year→xhe year before，ago→before，here→there等。 eg： He said．“I havent seen them today．”→He said that he hadnt seen them that day． (3)间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序，即主、谓、宾的顺序。 eg： He asked Lucy，“Where did you go?”→He asked Lucy where she went． 总之，直接引语与间接引语的相互转化不能机械地理解，应根据实际的语言环境来决定所作的变化。 1 (典型例题 Tom Hanks told his teacher that he born in 1956． A．was B．had been C．is D．has been考题2 (Linda asked Amy or not she could tell her the general ideas of the poem． A．that B．whether C．if D．how考题3 (You can never know when she received our nice birthday presents． A．how she was pleased B．how excited she was C．how happy was she D．she was how interested考题4 (The teacher told us that light faster than sound． A．traveled B．had