2014届高三英语语法讲解——情态动词.docVIP

情态动词 概述：情态动词表示说话人的情感态度。它有一定的实在词义（如：能、会、可能、以前、最好、宁愿），只有谓语特性，必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。 中学阶段常见的情态动词: 情态动词 can(could) may(might) must will(would) shall should ought to had better would rather need dare 与情态动词相关的短语 be able to have to used to 情态动词的固定谓语结构：情态动词+（不带to）动词不定式形式do 例如： +be done +be doing must +have done +have been done +have been doing 注意：ought (to)和used ( to)例外，动词不定式要带上”to” 一、情态动词的用法： 1．can 1）表示能力“能够，会” She can drive, but she can’t ride a bicycle. Can you give me a lift to the station? 2）表示对现在动作或状态进行主观的猜测“可能、会”，或表示惊异，怀疑，不相信等态度，主要用在否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。例如： He can’t have a lot of money. Can it be that it was I, not he, who was mistaken? How can you be so careless! 3）表示客观可能性“可能”，可用于肯定句 As a human being, anyone can make a mistake. The temperature can fall to -60°C that is 60°C below freezing. 4）表示允许“可以”，意思与may 相近，主要用在口语中 Can I have a look at your copy of China Daily? This sort of thing can’t go on . 5）构成下列特殊句式： cannot /can never …too … 或 cannot …enough越…越好；非常．．．．．．One cannot be too careful. I cannot thank you enough. You can’t praise him too highly. ②cannot help doing …/cannot help but do …/cannot but do …禁不住；不由得；不得不 I cannot help admiring the picture whenever I look at it. When a close friend dies, you cannot but feel sad. 2. could 1)表示能力,指的是过去时间 In those days few workers could support their family . I couldn’t follow the teacher in class. 2)表示允许,指的是过去时间 She asked whether she could take the books out of the reading-room. 3)表示可能,可以指过去时间;也可以指现在时间,表示语气缓和 I didnt think the story could be true. But you mustn’t smoke while you’re walking around in the bush either. You could start a fire. He looks young .He couldn’t be over fifty .他看起来很年轻,他不可能超过五十岁. 4)比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法,指的是现在时间 Could I see your license? I have a few friends. I could ring to see if they’re free . Can(could)与be able to Can (could)和be able to表示能力时意思上没有区别.但can 只有现在式和过去式,而be able to 则有更多的形式. No one is able to do it. = No one can do it. Will you be able to come tonight? I’m sorry