紫色丘陵区小流域土壤侵蚀产沙空间分布的137cs法研究-农业工程学报.docVIP

紫色丘陵区小流域土壤侵蚀产沙空间分布的137Cs法初步研究( 侯建才1，李占斌1,3，李勉2 (1.西安理工大学， 陕西 西安 710048; 2. 黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院，郑州 450003 关键词: 137Cs；土壤侵蚀；空间分布；紫色丘陵区 中图分类号：S157.1 文件标识码：A Preliminary Study on Spatial Distribution of Soil Erosion in a Small Catchment in Purple Hilly Area Using 137Cs Tracer Hou Jian-cai1,Li Zhan-bin1,3,Li Mian2 1. Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; 2. Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Yellow River Conservancy Commission, Zhengzhou 450003; 3. State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dry Farming on Loess Plateau, Yangling 712100, China) Abstract: The Cesium-137 inventories were studied in soil profiles in order to estimate soil losses or depositions from different land use types, diverse slope length and slope gradient, various landform positions in Xiangshuitan catchment in Purple Hilly Area. The reference Cesium-137 inventory was 1870 Bq·m-2. The average soil loss rates were 4468t·km-2·a-1 in slope cultivated land and 1759t·km-2·a-1 in forest land. The rate of soil loss was exponentially related with slope length, slope gradient, respectively. The mean annual soil losses in hilltop, hillside and neck were 2125 t·km-2·a-1, 4676 t·km-2·a-1, 1759t·km-2·a-1, respectively. The data suggest that the rates of soil erosion were significantly influenced by the land use types, slope length, slope gradient and landform positions, and the slope farmland was the chief source of sediment in this catchment in the Purple Hilly Area. Key words: Cesium-137; soil erosion; spatial distribution; Purple Hilly Area 1 前言 在川中紫色丘陵区，严重的土壤侵蚀导致大量泥沙淤积在河流的干、支流河道和水库，给长江中下游带来了潜在的洪涝灾害，直接影响到区域经济的可持续发展。因此，开展全国重点水土流失治理区——长江上游的土壤侵蚀研究，分析评价过去几十年来小流域的侵蚀产沙状况，研究、探讨该区域不同土地利用方式、不同坡长和坡度、不同地貌部位的土壤侵蚀分异，对进一步了解该区域土壤侵蚀规律、制定水土保持规划与措施都有重要意义。 137Cs源于20世纪50－70年代期间的大气核爆试验产生的放射性尘埃，半衰期30.17a。它主要以降水方式降落到地表，极少部分是以干沉降方式降落。降到地表的137Cs和土壤颗粒中的粘粒及有机质颗粒迅速紧密结合，并在土壤表层聚集，难以被水淋溶，植物和动物摄取的量也极微，它只随土壤颗粒的移动而发生再分布[1～3]，是研究土壤侵蚀和泥沙沉积的一种良好示踪剂。 2 研究区概况 川中紫色丘陵区响水滩小流域位于沱江水系花椒沟小支流上段，地处北纬30o05／12″～30o06／42