英美文学期末考试复习.doc

第一章殖民主义时期的文学American Puritanism was one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and American literature. American Puritanism influences on American literature: a.?Idealism and optimism 理想主义和乐观主义 .?Symbolism 象征主义 .?Simplicity. 简洁清教徒采用的文学体裁：a、narratives 日记 b、journals 游记清教徒在美国的写作内容： 1）their voyage to the new land 2) Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops 3) About dealing with Indians 4) Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit 清教徒的思想： 1）puritan want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices 净化信仰和行为方式 2) Wish?to restore simplicity to church and the authority of the Bible to the theology. 重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位 来源：(/s/blog_5d7e2e330100blsr.html) - 美国文学史复习1（colonialism)_苗苗_新3）look upon thmselves as chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing Gods will and is not to be accepted. 认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝 4）puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated. 反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步 5）religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.强调上帝严厉的一面，忽视上帝仁慈的一面。 典型的清教徒： John Cotton Roger William 他们的不同：John Cotton was much more concerned with authority than with democracy; William begins the history of religious toleration in America. 2、Jamestown詹姆斯敦 the first English Colony in America. 3、May Flower 1620: A New Look at a Pilgrim Voyage 1620年 五月花号：一次承载着希望和梦想的航行 Anne Bradstreet?安妮(1612-1672) was a Puritan poet who wrote ‘‘ponderous verses of interminable, inter-locking poems” on the four elements, the constitutions and ages of man, the seasons of the year, and the chief empires of the ancient world. 英国最早移民到美国的诗人在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人：the best of Puritan poets is Edward Tayor.The work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet Edward Taylor, rose to the level of real poetry. The earliest settlers included Dutch, Swedes, Germans,?French, Spaniards Italian, and Portuguese.? 5、 Philip Freneau 菲利普·弗伦诺(1752--1832)“Poet of the American Revolution” “Father