梯度、方向导数与切平面.PDFVIP

1 1.1 f (x, y) ∇f (x, y) ∇f (x, y) ∂f , ∂f ) ∂x ∂y ∇f (x, y, z) ∇f (x, y, z) ∂f , ∂f , ∂f ) ∂x ∂y ∂z n f (x , x , . . . , x ) 1 2 n n ∇f (x , x , . . . , x ) ∂f , ∂f , . . . , ∂f ) 1 2 n ∂x1 ∂x2 ∂xn 2 f (x, y) x y sin(xy) (2, 3) ∇f (x, y) ∂f , ∂f ) ( 2xy y cos(xy) , x2 x cos(xy) ) ∂x ∂y ∇f (2, 3) ( 12 3 cos(6) , 4 2 cos(6) ) 1 1.2 方向導數 directional derivative z f (x, y) xy− (a, b) ⇀ ⇀ u z f (x, y) (a, b) u D⇀f (a, b) a, b u ⇀ u (cos(θ), sin(θ)) F(t) f ( a tcos(θ) , b tsin(θ) ) (a, b) (cos(θ), sin(θ)) t F(0) f (a 0, b 0) f (a, b) F(t) t t 0 1 f (a, b) (cos(θ), sin(θ)) ′ D⇀f (a, b) F (0) u ′ F (0) x y d f ( a t cos(θ) , b t sin(θ) )