碳酸盐燃料电池阴极材料的研究进展.docVIP

碳酸盐燃料电池阴极材料的研究进展 关键词：燃料电池 熔融碳酸盐燃料电池 MCFC 阴极 包覆 掺杂 热电联供电厂 Research progress in cathode material of molten carbonate fuel cell Liu He-ping，Su Yu-chang，Fang Hui-hui （School of Materials Science and Engineering，Central South University，Changsha，Hunan 410083） abstract：The traditional cathode material for molten carbonate fuel cell(MCFC) is porous lithiated-NiO. It meets the requires of MCFC in conductivity，catalyzing O2 and machanical performance. MCFC, as the second commercialized fuel cell, have remarkable advantages in distributed power station and stationary application combined heat and power. However,its use and larger commercializing were limited by the dissolution of cathode. Because NiO was dissolved into molten carbonate electrolyte and subsequently Ni2+ diffused to the anode. In this process ,Ni2+ was deoxidized into matallic nickel by the dissolved H2 from anode and precipitated in the matrix.The continuous deposition formed bridged grains ,and eventually short-circuiting of the cell, collapse and explosion. Here,we summerized the researching progress of cathode in MCFC during the past few years, discussed these defects of different ways of modifying material, the successful aspects and principles, and make prospects for the tomorrow of MCFC. Key words：Fuel cell(FC)；molten carbonate fuel cell；MCFC；cathode；coating；doping； stationary application combined heat and power； 燃料电池是一种新型的电池体系，它不仅可以把H2的化学能直接转化为电能，并且能直接利用甲醇，天然气等烃类燃料。运行过程中没有噪音和有毒气体排放。熔融碳酸盐燃料电池是继碱性和磷酸型燃料电池（AFC，PAFC）之后成功商业化的第二代燃料电池。其工作原理是利用阴极催化产生的O2-与CO2结合成CO32-，CO32-在碳酸盐熔融介质中传递到阳极，与阳极催化产生的H+反应生成H2O和CO2，电子则由外电路阳极传输到阴极[1]。 MCFC已成为20世纪80年代以来，美，日，西欧主要发展的民用发电技术。美国FCE（Fuel Cell Energy）公司从2001年开始就进入分布式发电电源市场，并成功开发了一系列的民用产品[2]。如图1，就是这家公司的DFC3000型2.4Mw级发电模块。同时，MCFC电堆和微型涡轮燃气轮机的联合供电也取得了成功。我国也由上海交通大学在这方面开展研究，并于2001年和上海电气集团合作成功开发了1kw级电堆。现正在开展研制50KW级的电堆。 图1：美国FCE公司的DFC3000(2.4MW级)MCFC电堆 Fig．1　MCFC stationary application(DFC3000,2.4MW) of FCE company 限制MCFC大规模运用的瓶颈在于其起始投资规模巨大。电堆如果能安全运行40000小时，则可以和现有的发电技术成本相当并很快大规模商业化