华南理工大：物理化学(双语)02II.ppt

物理化学电子教案—第二章（下） Adiabatic process Fig. adiabatic and isothermal rev. process Work in adiabatic process A better calculation method 2.7 real gas throttling process throttling process U and H in the throttling process U and H in the throttling process Joule-Thomson coefficient： Extent of reaction extent of reaction The reaction enthalpy The analogous result for changes The relation between Qp and Qv Const.-p and const.-V heat of reaction The heat at cons. volume and cons. pressure The equation of thermochemistry The standard molar enthalpy of reaction 压力的标准态 压力的标准态 2.9 Hess’s law of constant heat summation 赫斯定律 Enthalpy of formation of a compound Enthalpies of formation of compounds Define the reaction enthalpy Enthalpy of combustion 燃烧焓 燃烧焓 Use of the enthalpy of combustion Calculate the enthalpy of formation Kirchhoff`s law Adiabatic reaction 2.12 绝热反应 Phase transitions Reversible phase transitions The temperature –dependence of enthalpy  JAMES PRESCOTT JOULE JOSEPH LOUIS GAY-LUSSAC JOSEPH LOUIS GAY-LUSSAC WILLIAM THOMSON,Lord Kelvin HESS LINUS CARL PAULING LINUS CARL PAULING KIRCHHOFF,GUSTER ROBERT 例如：在298.15 K和标准压力下，有反应： （A） （B） （C） (D) 则 The reaction enthalpy is given by： in calculating the enthalpy of a reaction. 该反应的反应焓变就是 的生成焓，则： 例如：在298.15 K和标准压力下： using enthalpies of combustion. 1858年Kirchhoff提出了 The temperature –dependence of reaction enthalpies 也是温度的函数，只要将Cp - T的关系式代入，就可从一个温度时的焓变求另一个温度下的焓变。 如有物质发生相变，就要进行分段积分。 求终态温度的示意图 设反应物起始温度均为T1，产物温度为T2，整个过程保持压力不变： 根据状态函数的性质 可由 表值计算 可求出 从而可求出T2值 During a change of phase of a pure substance, such as vaporization, melting, and sublimation, its temperature and pressure remain constant while its entropy and volume undergo changes. The temperature and pressure of a pure substance consisting of two phases in equilibrium are not independent variables. l g P* T ?? H2O(l) ? H2O(g) T, P* enthalpy of phase transition ?vap Hm enthalpy vapor