生长习性,花序结构,花的大小,和水果茜草科类型的演变：它的生态和进化意义.docVIP

生长习性，花序结构，花的大小，和水果茜草科类型的演变：它的生态和进化意义 Evolution of Growth Habit, Inflorescence Architecture, Flower Size, and Fruit Type in Rubiaceae: Its Ecological and Evolutionary Implications） author：Sylvain G. Razafimandimbison, Stefan Ekman, [...], and Birgitta ] Bremer 文摘 Abstract During angiosperm evolution, innovations in vegetative and reproductive organs have resulted in tremendous morphological diversity, which has played a crucial role in the ecological success of flowering plants. Morindeae (Rubiaceae) display considerable diversity in growth form, inflorescence architecture, flower size, and fruit type. Lianescent habit, head inflorescence, small flower, and multiple fruit are the predominant states, but arborescent habit, non-headed inflorescence, large flower, and simple fruit states occur in various genera. This makes Morindeae an ideal model for exploring the evolutionary appearances and transitions between the states of these characters. We reconstructed ancestral states for these four traits using a Bayesian approach and combined nuclear/chloroplast data for 61 Morindeae species. The aim was to test three hypotheses: 1) self-supporting habit is generally ancestral in clades comprising both lianescent and arborescent species; 2) changes from lianescent to arborescent habit are uncommon due to 揳 high degree of specialization and developmental burden? 3) head inflorescences and multiple fruits in Morindeae evolved from non-headed inflorescences and simpl fruits, respectively. Lianescent habit, head inflorescence, large flower, and multiple fruit are inferred for Morindeae, making arborescent habit, non-headed inflorescence, small flower, and simple fruit derived within the tribe. The rate of change from lianescent to arborescent habit is much higher than the reverse change. 在被子植物演化，营养和生殖器官的创新导致巨大的形态多样性，在开花植物的生态成功起到了至关重要的作用。巴戟（茜草科，在增长方式，花序的建筑，花的大小，果型显示相当大的差异。Lianescent，头花序，花小，多个水果的主要国家，Lianescent习惯,头花序,小花,和多种水果是最主要的州,但树木状的习惯,非为首的花序,大花,和简单的水果州发生在不同属。这使得Morindea