免疫学教学课件-10-Hypersensitivity 2017.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * IC are capable of triggering a variety of inflammatory processes ICs interact with the complement system to generate C3a and C5a. These complement fragments stimulate the release of vasoactive amines and are chemotactic factors for mast cells and basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils. ICs interact directly with basophils and platelets (via FcR) to induce the release of vasoactive amines. Neutrophils exocytose their lysosomal enzymes onto the site of IC deposition and damage the underlying tissue. Deposition of IC in tissues An increase in vascular permeability In general, complement, mast cells, basophils and platelets must all be considered as potential producers of vasoactive amines. Local high blood pressure and turbulence The blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries is approximately four times that of most other capillaries. II. Clinical diseases 1. Arthus reaction An animal is immunized repeatedly until it has appreciable levels of serum Ab (mainly IgG). Following subcutaneous or intradermal injection of the antigen a reaction develops at the injection site, sometimes with marked edema and hemorrhage. Arthus’s reaction （1903） 经抗原反复免疫之后,注射抗原的皮下出现局部红肿、出血和坏死等剧烈炎症反应。 C3a C5a 肥大细胞 血小板 补体 抗体 抗原 内皮细胞 复合物 血管活性胺 C5a 中性粒细胞 血小板凝聚 免疫复合物沉淀 趋化 活性酶 微血栓形成 基底膜 血管壁 1 2 2. Serum sickness Serum sickness is a complication of serum therapy, in which massive doses of anti-serum are given in conditions such as snake bite. Serum sickness（血清病） Clemens Pirquet 1874-1929 3. Postinfectious glomerulonephritis 常见于A族溶血性链球菌感染后2-3周。抗体与链球菌可溶性抗原形成复和物，沉积于肾小球基底膜处 Human immune complex disease 4. Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid factor (RF): an immunoglobulin (mainly IgM but also IgG and IgA) with antibody specificity for the Fc portion of IgG. The joint synovial fluid contains IC consisting of RF-IgG-complement. Many patients with rheumatoid ar