青少年营养状况与体重增长、性发育的关系.docVIP

青少年营养状况与体重增长、性发育的关系 摘 要：目的：研究男女青少年的营养状况与体重增长、性发育的关系。方法：对2309名青少年采用身高标准体重法进行营养评价和研究。结果：男性体重年增长值在12岁时达峰值，女性体重年增长值在11岁时达峰值。男性14岁以后、女性12岁以后，体重增长值随营养状况从营养不良、营养正常至营养过剩有逐渐减少的趋势；就性发育而言，在同一年龄组中，不同营养状况的组内个体的性发育水平的波动也未显示出明显的规律性变化。结论：青少年的营养状况对其体重增长有一定影响，对其性发育水平未发现有明显影响，针对得出的结论给出合理的膳食建议。 关键词：营养调查；体重增长；性成熟；青少年 Relationship of nutritional status with weight-increase and sexual development of adolescents Abstract: Objective: to study the relationship of nutritional status with weight-increase and sexual development of adolescents. Methods: the weight-for-height standard was applied in the survey 2309 adolescents. Results: the weight increase of male adolescents sped up gradually from 9 to 12 followed by a slow decline from 12 to 17 and reached its peak at 12. The weight increase of female adolescents had the same patten and reached i tSpeak at 11. After 14 in male and 12 in female, the weight increase declined gradually with the varied nutritional status from malnutrition, well-balance to overweight. There is no visible relationship between sexual development and nutritional status in each age group. Conclusion: The nutritional status of adolescents affects the weight increase to a certain extent. There is no visible relationship between sexual development and nutritional status in each age group, Adolescent nutrition for its weight gain has a certain influence, on the level of sexual development significantly affect has not been found, for the conclusion of reasonable teenage dietary advice. Key words: nutritional surveys; weight gain; sex maturation; adolescence 0 引言 身高标准体重法是WHO推荐的评价个体营养状况的常用方法，1985年我国首次根据学生体质调研资料制订了营养评价参考标准．即采用了身高标准体重法[1]，近年很多的调查研究采用该标准进行评价[2-5]。为进一步明确青春期生长发育的规律，及时进行营养指导，保证青少年体重及性发育的正常进行，1995年~1996年采用身高标准体重法对2309名青少年个体的营养状况、体重增长和性发育三者关系进行了研究[7]。 1 青少年的生长发育特点 青春期为生长发育的第二个高峰，是人生中体格、体质、心理和智力发展的关键时期。体态由少年逐渐转变为青年、成年。随着第二性征和性器官发育的成熟，生长速度逐渐减慢。青春期中男孩和女孩的生长发育存在一些差异。女孩增高加速阶段可延续6~7年，大约在16~17岁时长骨停止生长；而男孩延续时间较长，约在17~22岁时骨骼停止生长。青春期男女性别的区分很突出。男性青春期最具生理特征的是遗精，一般每月1~2次，肌内细胞和骨系统