细胞生物学 11-核糖中体.pptVIP

第十一章 核糖体(ribosome);第十一章 核糖体(ribosome);第一节 核糖体的基本类型;一、核糖体的基本类型与成分;Free and membrane-bound ribosomes;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Comparison of ribosome structures: E.coli 70S (upper row in each panel, structure from 18,19) and yeast 80S (lower row in each panel) ribosomes, both limited to 35 ? resolution. (A–J) Rotational series, with a rotational increment around the vertical axis of 36. Scale bar 100 ?. (K) Exploded views of E.coli and yeast ribosomes, showing close correspondence of features of interface surfaces of ribosomal subunits, most notably the interface canyon (IC). CP, central protuberance; S, stalk; L1 or ‘L1’, L1 or L1 analog arm; h, head; g, neck groove; p, platform. Note that the lower right portion of the small subunit and the lower left portion of the large subunit are surfaces where the sectioning plane has cut a mass that is merged between the two subunits at this resolution. (adapted from Nucleic Acids Research, 1998, 26(2):655-661);;核糖体的结构;结构与功能的分析方法;?同一生物中不同种类的 r 蛋白的一级结构均不相同，在免疫学上几乎没有同源性。 ?不同生物同一种类 r 蛋白之间具有很高的同源性， 并在进化上非常保守。 ;;?蛋白质结合到rRNA上具有先后层次性； ?核糖体的重组装是自我装配过程。;;? 16S rRNA的一级结构是非常保守的； ? 16S rRNA的二级结构具有更高的保守性： 臂环结构 (stem-loop structure) ? rRNA臂环结构的三级结构模型。 ; 核糖体小亚单位rRNA的二级结构 (a) E. coli 16S rRNA；（红色为高度保守区）； (b) 酵母菌18S rRNA，它们都具有类似的40个臂环结构（图中1~40），其长度和位置往 往非常保守；P、E分别代表仅在原核或真核细胞中存在的rRNA的二级结构。;蛋白质合成过程中很多重要步骤与50S核糖体大亚单位相关;L11- rRNA 复 合 物 的 三 维 结 构;二、核糖体蛋白质与 rRNA 的功能分析; 核糖体上具有一系列与蛋白质 合成有关的结合位点与催化位点;(a); Important Binding Sites on the Prokaryotic Ribosome This model of ribosome structure shows the A (aminoacyl) and P (peptidyl) sites as cavities on the ribosome where charged (amino acid-carrying) tRNA molecules bind during polypeptide synthesis. The more recently postulated E (exit) site is the site from which discharged tRNAs leave the ribosome. The mRNA-binding site binds a particular nucleotide seque