蛋白质—热能营养障中碍.pptVIP

蛋白质—热能营养障碍 中山医院 儿科 黄萍 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.  蛋白质-热能营养不良 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 概念 由于长期缺乏热量和/或蛋白质所至的营养缺乏症，主要见于3岁以下的婴幼儿。 临床特点为体重下降、渐进性消瘦或水肿，皮下脂肪减少或消失，常伴有不同程度的各系统功能紊乱和性格、行为、心理等改变。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 病因 喂养方面：婴幼儿生长发育迅速需要充足的营养物资，长期的喂养不当、不足 疾病方面：1、消化吸收障碍：消化道先天畸形、消化道疾病；2、需要量增多：双胎、早产生长迅速阶段、急慢性传染性疾病的恢复期；3、消耗量增大：发热性疾病及消耗性疾病 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 病理生理 新陈代谢异常 1、蛋白质及能量摄入不足—负氮平衡—低蛋白血症—血清总蛋白浓度＜40g/L、白蛋白＜20g/L—水肿 2、脂肪大量消耗以维持热量供应—脂肪减少及血胆固醇降低、脂溶性维生素缺乏、血酮增高 脂肪肝 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 3、碳水化合物摄入不足及糖原储存减少—低血糖 4、水、电解质代谢 组织消耗大于水消耗—全身总液量相对较多、细胞外液呈低渗性—易出现低渗性脱水、酸中毒、低血钾、低血钙等 5、维生素及微量元素缺乏 6、体温调节：体温偏低 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 组织器官功能低下 1、消化系统：肠蠕动减少、消化酶分泌不足及功能低下、肠道菌群失调—消化功能低下和腹泻 2、循环系统：心肌收缩功能低下—心博量下降—血压下降、脉细弱 3、泌尿系统：肾小管尿浓缩功能障碍—多尿、尿比重低—调节水盐代谢能力下降 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 4、神经系统：烦躁不安、抑制状态或交替出现，严重者反应迟钝、智力低下 5、免疫功能：全面低下，易并发各种感染 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 临床表现 体重不增—体重下降—身高低于正常、体格生长发