王龙溪教育思想析论.pdf

屏東師院學報第十九期 頁1-28 (民國九十二年)，台灣屏東 王龍溪教育思想析論 黃 文 樹* （投稿日期：民國 92 年 1 冃 3 日投稿，接受日期：92 年 5 月 30 日） 摘 要 王龍溪是浙中王門的領袖，深契陽明宗旨，林下講學四十餘年， 所至聽者雲集，在南北兩京及吳、楚、閩、越、江、浙皆有講舍，是 一富贍教育熱忱的「游方教師」。在教育思想上，王龍溪以倡「四無 說」聞名於世，主張從先天心體上立根，強調為學之道首重於「悟」， 提倡「無我」、「無物」之學，呼籲追求一種超越善惡相對的，即自 由自在的人格境界。這種觀念在明中後期社會是有影響性的，惟仍不 免有其缺陷。 關鍵詞：王龍溪、教育思想、書院、講會。 *黃文樹：樹德科技大學教育學程中心副教授 2 屏東師院學報 第十九期 A Study of the Educational Thoughts of Wang Lung-Hsi Wen-Shu Huang* Abstract Wang Lung-Hsi(1498-1583), the leader of the Wang School in the central Chekiang, who was very much concerned about the principle of Yang-Ming, had given lectures for more than forty years. Many scholars gathered in his forums in Nanking, Peiping, Wu, Chu, Fukien, Yueh, Kiangsu and Chekiang. He could be considered as an enthusiastic traveling teacher who devoted himself to education. In respect to educational thoughts, Wang Lung-Hsi was well known for his four voidance and existing consciousness which argued that everything shall be rooted in the innate mind. He emphasized that the pursuit of knowledge lay in awakening, and also promoted the theory of anatman for seeking a sort of transcending and free personality. This conception caused a breakthrough and impact on the middle late ming dynasty. Key words: Wang Lung-Hsi, educational thoughts, academy, forum. *Wen-Shu Huang：Associate Professor, Teacher Education Center, Shu-Te University. 王龍溪教育思想析論 3 壹、前 言 (1) 王龍溪（1498-1583） ，名畿，字汝中，浙江山陽人，明代嘉靖 四年（1525）舉進士。他是王陽明的得意大弟子，被稱為「教授師」 (2) ，王陽明在生時，來學者多先經他的疏通，而後卒業於陽明。《明 史》卷二八三〈王畿傳〉說他：「務講學」，陽明思想以龍溪為「得 (3) 其宗」 。 明末學者張元汴認為，王龍溪早事陽明門牆，「微言密授，神啟