一种提高软件需求分析质量的方法-计算机系统应用.pdfVIP

计 算 机 系 统 应 用 2014 年 第 23 卷 第 5 期 一种提高软件需求分析质量的方法① 杨 毅, 杨 杰 ( 中国人民银行武汉分行 科技处, 武汉 430071) 摘 要: 自从“软件工程”在 1969 年NATO 会议中提出以来已有四十多年. 在此期间, 软件工程理论有了很大进步, 取得了巨大成就. 但对照四十年前的理论, 软件工程理论在基本框架上没有重大改变, 仍然延续着需求、设计、 编码和测试四个阶段的自然逻辑, 强调着工程的循序渐进, 各阶段的承前启后, 需求方和开发方的密切配合. 然 而, 在现实软件开发过程中, 按照上述理论去做仍然会碰到许多问题, 如需求的不确定性和软件开发成本失控等, 最终导致相当部分的软件开发不成功. 为了提高软件开发的成功率, 本文从分析软件开发方式及开发成本构成 出发, 对现有软件工程需求和验收阶段的问题进行了分析, 提出运用合适的技术手段实现软件需求可视化和标 准化, 规范需求提取操作. 改进的需求分析方法能够形成更确定的需求分析, 也便于确定和控制开发成本, 提高 软件开发成功率. 关键词: 软件开发; 需求分析; 成本控制 Method for Improving the Quality of Software Requirement Analysis YANG Yi, YANG Jie (Department of Technology, The People’s Bank of China, Wuhan 4300714, China) Abstract: It has been more than 40 years since the “software engineering” concept mentioned at NATO conference in 1969. Recently, software engineering theory has made great progress and gained huge success. For forty years, the theory of software engineering does not change much, continuing the natural logic of four stages which are requirement, design, coding and testing. The projects are finished step by step and in each stage, the demand and the development cooperated closely. In reality, software developments still face many problems, such as the uncertainty of demand and cost’s out of control which eventually lead to the failure of the development. Based on the analysis of software development method and the development cost of the software engineering, demand and acceptance stage problems are analyzed. A appropriate technique to realize software visualization and standardization is proposed. The improved demand analysis