用有理方法求e的近似值.docVIP

用有理方法实现无理数的近似计算 摘 要 是的底数是一个其值是的出现,对于数学学科而言,除了自然指数函数、自然对数函数、双曲函数的相关应用之外,与 有关的研究与结果极为丰富,如欧拉公式的复数形式+1=0,被人们称为人类最宝贵财富之一,这一公式巧妙地把纳皮尔常数、虚数单位、圆周率、以及0与1联系在一起.对于而言,除了在数学学科的发展中的重要意义外,其它自然科学的发展也会处处可见与无理数有关的痕迹,如物体的冷却、细胞的分裂、细菌的繁殖、放射性元素的衰变等,它在今天的银行业中对银行家最有帮助的一个数,此外在考古学的碳-定年法、古画的铅-或镭- 鉴定法中也有所涉及的近似值就是一件非常重要和有意义的事情了. 关键词：超越数; 无理数; 近似值 TO REALIZE THE APPROXIMATE CALCULATION OF IRRATIONAL NUMBER E USING THE RATIONAL METHOD ABSTRACT E is the base number of natural logarithm,it is infinite and not repeating decimal, Its value is,the emergence of the irrational number e, for the mathematical subject, except the related application of natural exponential function, natural logarithm function, hyperbolic function , the study and results of is extremely abundant abundantly, such as the form of the complex number of Euler Formula +1=0. Known as one of the most precious human wealth, this formula take the Napierian logarithm, the imaginary unit, the PI, 0 and 1 are linked subtly. For , except the important meaning in the development of the mathematical subject ,outside the development of other natural science can everywhere find the trace of irrational number , such as object cooling, cells dividing, bacterial breeding, the decay of radioactive elements and so on.It is a number that is most helpful for bankers in bank now , in addition it is also involved in Carbon dating-14, Ancient paintings of Pb-or Ra-methods produced. So, accurate calculate the approximation of is very important and meaningful. Key words: transcendental number; irrational number; approximate value 目 录 1.前 言 1 2.的相关理论 3 2.1 的定义及证明 3 2.2以为底的对数叫做自然对数的原因 4 2.3 在数学分析方面的应用 5 3.是无理数及超越数的证明 8 3.1证明是无理数 8 3.2证明是超越数 8 4.的近似计算 11 4.1利用数列极限求的近似值 11 4.2利用幂级数展开求的近似值 13 4.3通过匹配试验计算的近似值 15 5.结 论 18 参考文献 19 致 谢 20  1.前 言 ,作为数学常数,是自然对数函数的底数.有时称它为欧拉数（Euler number）,以瑞士数学家欧拉命名,也有个较鲜见的名字纳皮尔常数,以纪念苏格兰数学家约翰?纳皮尔引进对数.它就像圆周率π和虚数单位i,是数学中最重要的常数之一. 它的数值约是（小数点后100位）： ≈ 2.71828 18284 59045 23536 02874 71352 66249 77572 47093 69995 95749