Unit 1 翻译基础理论欢迎词.pptVIP

English Translation;Lesson A Basic Theory of Translation;1)《辞海》：把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来。 2）Oxford: to turn from one language into another 3) Translation is the replacement of textual material in one language(SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL). –J.C. Catford 翻译是用一种等值的语言（目的语）文本材料去替换另一种语言（源语）的文本材料。 ;4）Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.-Eugen A. Nida 翻译，是指在译语中用最切进而又自然的对等语再现原语的信息，首先在语义上，其次是文体上。 5）翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。张培基 ;Translation is a behavior or process. Translation involves two kinds of languages or two sets of language signs. The result of the translation is that one language has been replaced by the other one. The purpose of translation is to translate the content of the language, not the form;3.1 唐玄奘“既需求真，又需喻俗” 3.2 Yanfu’s:Faithfulness, Expressiveness, Elegance (严复：信、达、雅）《天演论.译例言》 3.3 鲁迅《题未定草》“力求其易，保持原作之丰姿”。 3.4 傅雷《高老头.重译本序》“神似” 3.5 钱钟书“化境”;1)”Faithfulness” means the full and complete conveying of the original content of thought. 2)”Expressiveness” demands that the version should be clear and flowing without any grammatical mistakes or confused logic and sense. 3)”Elegance” refers to the use of classical Chinese before the Han Dynasty.;Faithfulness Smoothness;To understand the original 理解 To express in the target language 表达 To check 修改校对;Page 8;1） Literal translation 直译 Liberal translation/free translation 意译 Transliteration 音译 2） Domestication 归化 Foreignization 异化 ;Literal translation refers to an adequate representation of the original. It strives to reproduce both the content and style of the source text and retain as much as possible the figures of speech and such main sentence structures and patterns. 直译：在译文语言条件许可时，在译文中既保持原文的内容，又保持原文的形式，尤其是原文的比喻形象和民族地方色彩等。;Armed the teeth A stick-and-carrot policy Paper tiger Time is money. A gentleman uses his tongue, not his f