Chapter Two词汇学 Sources of English Vocabulary幻灯片.ppt

English words: knight, man, worthy, tyme, first, bigan, ryden, loved, trouthe (truth), freedom(freedom); French words: chivalrye (chivalry), honour, courteisye (courtesy); Danish words: fro Latin and Greek were recognized as the languages of the Western world’s great literary heritage and of great scholarship, but translators were rapidly making great literary works available in English. 1500-1700: Renaissance brought great changes to the vocabulary. From the 16th century onward, English borrowed words from an increasing number of languages, the majors ones being the three Romance languages, French, Spanish and Italian. French: café Italian: in the fields of music such as concert, piano, balcony Spanish: cocoa, cargo, cigar take: to move or carry from one place to another; to remove or use without permission or by mistake; to seize or capture; to get for oneself; to get hold of sth. with the hands; to be willing to accept, etc. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as notional words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals, which denote objects, phenomena, action, quality, state, degree, quantity, etc. Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are also called empty word. Prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliaries and articles belong to this category. Frequent in use: Native words are most frequently used in everyday speech and writing. The proportion of its use in relation to borrowings is perhaps just the opposite of its number. The percentage of native words in use runs as high as 70 to 90 percent. “Dream” originally meant “joy” and “music”, and its modern meaning was borrowed later from the Norse(挪威语). The meaning “stupid” of the word dumb comes from the German word dumm. Aliens: they are words which have retained their original pronounciation and spelling. These words are immediately recognisable as foreign in origin. Decor: 装饰 blitzkrieg闪电战 kowtow磕头 bazaar集市 status quo现状 intermezzo幕间剧 Transl