工热英文ppt2章.pptVIP

Chapter 2 The First Law Of Thermodynamics The First Law Of Thermodynamics §2-1.The central point of first law §2-2. Internal energy and total energy §2-3.The equation of the first law §2-4.The first law for closed system §2-5.The first law for open system §2-6.Application of the energy equation §2-1.The central point of first law  1.Expression In a cyclic process, the algebraic sum of the work transfers is proportional to the algebraic sum of the heat transfers. Energy can be neither created nor destroyed; it can only change forms. The first law of thermodynamics is simply a statement of energy principle. §2-1.The central point of first law  2.Central point The energy conservation law is used to conservation between work and heat. Perpetual motion machines of the first kind.(PMM1) Heat: see chapter 1; Work: see chapter 1; §2-2.Internal Energy  1.Definition: Internal energy is all kinds of micro-energy in system. 2. Internal energy is property It include: Kinetic energy of molecule (translational kinetic, vibration, rotational energy) Potential energy Chemical energy Nuclear energy §2-3. The equation of the first law  1. The equation ( inlet energy of system) – (outlet energy of system) = (the change of the total energy of the system) Ein-Eout=ΔEsystem §2-4.The first law in closed system 1. The equation Ein-Eout=ΔEsystem W Q §2-4.The first law in closed system Q-W=ΔEsystem=ΔU Q=ΔU+W Per unit mass: q= Δu+w dq=du+dw If the process is reversible, then: dq=du+pdv This is the first equation of the first law. Here q, w, Δu is algebraic. §2-4.The first law in closed system The only way of the heat change to mechanical energy is expansion of working fluid. §2-5. The first law in open system 1. Stead flow For stead flow, the following conditions are fulfilled: The matter of system is flowing steadily, so that the flow rate across a