专题一追本溯源突破阅读理解得阅读者得高分阅读是语言文字学科.doc

专题一 追本溯源 突破阅读理解 得阅读者得高分 阅读是语言文字学科最突出的特征之一阅读理解是考查英语阅读能力的最基本方式。深入分析近几年的阅读理解题目可以发现有如下特点：一、文章选取：体裁多元化体裁以记叙文、说明文、议论文为主以应用文为辅；选材多源于英文报刊、网络媒体等以社会文化、科普知识、人物传记、时文报道、史地常识、生态环保为主间有饮食健康、广告宣传、文学作品、逸闻趣事、情感人生等主题贴近实际生活。二、语篇组织：结构复杂化用词高级化阅读理解所选文章的语篇结构都较复杂考生不易把握且高考对词汇运用的要求越来越高活用词比比皆是凡是能用构词法推断出词义的单词都不视为生词纯超纲词汇也屡有出现一词多义、熟词生义现象更为常见。三、试题设置：题型稳定化考查复杂化高考阅读理解的题型一直比较稳定分为五大题型：一是细节理解题考查范围最广；二是主旨大意题包括主要内容(main idea)概括和标题(title)归纳；三是推理判断题；四是词义猜测题包括词义题、句意题和指代题；五是篇章结构题。1．带着问题首先要掌握问题的类型分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题；其次了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读对有关信息进行快速定位再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比有根有据地排除干扰项选出正确答案。【典例】　(2016·高考全国乙卷阅读理解A)Jane Addams ( 1860—1935 ) Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.In 193121．What is Jane Addams noted for in history? A．Her social work. B．Her teaching skills. C．Her efforts to win a prize. D．Her community background. 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据Jane Addams下的第一句话Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.(任何一个受到社会工作者帮助的人都要感谢Jane Addams)可知在历史上以她的社会工作而出名与A项相符。文中未提及her teaching skills(她的教学技能)只是谈到了promoting education(促进教育)故B项与文章不符；Jane Addams获得了诺贝尔和平奖但她不是因努力去获奖而出名的根本上还是因为她做的社会工作而且她也并C项错误；是她的社会工作以及她鼓励的社区感让她出名；D项Her community background.(她的社区背景)与此不相符。2．找准主题句确定中心思想每篇文章均讲述一个主题不管它有几个段落它们都围绕着一个中心思想。确定了中心思想即抓住了关键。随后搜寻关键词、主题句捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点并且理清文章脉络把握语篇实质。速读全文对于主旨大意题的解决尤其有效能【典例】　(2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B)[1]Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan. … 28．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Is Your House Making You Fat? B．Ways of Serving Dinner C．Effects of Self-Consciousness D．Is Your Home Environment Relaxing? 答案及剖析：A　通过首段最后一句可知整篇文章属于总分结构第一段就是文章的主题段。段落中的关键词Y