贫困国家的城市化.pdfVIP

NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES A WORLD OF CITIES: THE CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF URBANIZATION IN POORER COUNTRIES Edward L. Glaeser Working Paper 19745 /papers/w19745 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 December 2013 Yueran Ma provided great research assistance. Giacomo Ponzetto provided helpful comments on the paper. The Taubman Center for State and Local Government provided financial support. The views expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer- reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. 漏 2013 by Edward L. Glaeser. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including 漏 notice, is given to the source. A World of Cities: The Causes and Consequences of Urbanization in Poorer Countries Edward L. Glaeser NBER Working Paper No. 19745 December 2013 JEL No. R0 ABSTRACT Historically, urban growth required enough development to grow and transport significant agricultural surpluses or a government effective enough to build an empire. But there has been an explosion of poor mega-cities over the last thirty years. A simple urban model illustrates that in closed economies, agricultural prosperity leads to more urbanization but that in an open economy, urbanization increases w