虚拟语气的运用.ppt

* 虚拟语气的运用 I.虚拟语气在虚拟条件中的运用 1.表示与现在事实完全相反的假设 用以表示与现在事实相反的假设或现在实现可能性不大的情况。条件从句用动词过去式(be多用were), 主句用would/should/could/might+动词原形. 例如: If I were a bird, I could fly. 如果我是一只鸟儿的话, 我就能飞了. 2.表示与过去事实完全相反的假设 条件从句用had+过去分词, 主句用would/should/could/might+ have+过去分词. 例如: If we had started earlier, we should not have missed the train. 如果我们早点出发, 就不会错过这列火车了. 3.表示与将来情形相反的假设或极少有可能实现的情况 条件从句用动词过去式, should+动词原形或were to+动词原形, 主句动词用would/should/could/might+动词原形. 例如: If Professor Li should have time tomorrow, we could ask him questions. 如果李教授明天有时间的话, 我们就可以问他问题了. 书面语中, 上述三种时态的虚拟句中, 如果从句里含有should, had, were或其他助动词, 则可将从属连词if省去, 将助动词或情态动词放在句首形成部分倒装. 例如: Were he in your position, he’d have done the same. 如果他在你的位置上, 他也会那么做的. III含蓄条件句 含蓄条件句是指非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来,只暗含在上下文中。含蓄条件句常见的表达方式有: 1.?定语从句和状语从句 Anyone who had married such a girl as she would have been regretful . 谁娶了像她这样的姑娘都会后悔的 Help was promised where it should become necessary . 要是需要的话就答应给予帮助 2.?介词及介词短语but that, as though, once ,but for, without , with , under…condition , supposing , suppose , as if , on condition that 等 But for his pension , he would starve .要不是有养老金，他都要饿死了 With his aid , you would succeed . 如果有了他的帮助，你就会成功。 Under more favourable conditions we could have finished the task . 如果条件对我们更有利，我们就会把工作完成得更好 3.?连词otherwise, or, but He would have given you more help , but he has been so busy . 他本来要多给你一些帮助，只是他太忙了 Seize the chance , otherwise you would regret it . 如果不抓住这个机会，你会后悔的 He felt very tired yesterday , or he would have helped you . 他昨天觉得很累，不然会帮你的 4.?通过分词短语表示条件 Given more time, we could have done it better. Legalizing this drug would have disastrous consequence . 使毒品合法化会有灾难性的后果 5.?用动词不定式表示条件 It would be a mistake not to help him. She would have done anything to make amends . 她会做任何事来弥补 IV虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用 1、在 wish, suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, require, insist, desire, urge动词的宾语从句以及would rather后, 要用 “(should)+动词原形”来表示愿望, 建议, 命令, 要求等; 由上述动词派生或转化的名词的同位语从句或表语从句中也要用相应的虚拟形式.像suggestion, proposal, plan, motion, recommendati