英国纽卡斯尔大学生理学9.pptVIP

12/02/2004 PSC101 CVS5 Cardiovascular System Lecture 9 Synopsis Baroreceptor reflex Arterial pressure receptors and reflex Renin-Angiotensin System Hypertension * * variable receptor Central nervous system effector response Reflex arc Blood pressure CNS arterioles Peripheral resistance Cardiac output heart Baroreceptors BP ~ CO . TPR Control of blood pressure There are two levels of control, fast and slow. Fast: Works within seconds, from heart beat to heart beat. The so-called baroreceptor reflex is active during orthostatic hypotension (dizziness when getting out of bed in the morning). Slow: Atrial receptor reflexes detect venous return and trigger Vasopressin or ANP release. The renin-angiotensin system is a second, essential component in slow, long-term maintenance of BP. Baroreceptor reflex Receptors: Stretch sensitive nerve endings of A and C fibres. Localised in elastic regions of the aortic arch (blood supply to system) and the carotid bodies (blood supply to brain). Myelinated A fibres, sensitivity 30-90 mm Hg Unmyelinated C fibres, sensitivity 70-140 mm Hg The receptors are reset in essential hypertension and at old age. FREQUENCY , not AMPLITUDE Affarents carotid bodies: Glossopharyngeal N. (IX) Afferents aortic arch: Vagus nerve (X cranial) Baroreceptor reflex Blood pressure control Medulla oblongata Hypothalamus Pons Affarents from the baroreceptors reach the CV control centres in the medulla oblongata. The control centres are diffuse areas. Input from baroreceptors is integrated with input from other regions of the brain to adapt the cardiovascular system to cold, exercise etc. Efferents of the autonomous nervous system are then triggered. Summary of the Baro-receptor reflex Vasovagal synchope Atrial receptor reflexes Atrial receptors are low pressure receptors localised at the right atrium and the end of the venae cavae. A fibres monitor heart rate. B fibres monitor atrial filling or venous return. Affarents: Vagus nerve