C++程序设计学习.pptVIP

C++程序设计 教师：鲍钰 C++程序设计（7） 教师：鲍钰 ybao@sei.ecnu.edu.cn Chapter 7. Functions Functions every C++ program must have a function called main program execution always begins with function main any other functions are subprograms and can be called Function Calls One function calls another by using the name of the called function next to ( ) enclosing an argument list. A function call temporarily transfers control from the calling function to the called function. Function Call Syntax FunctionName ( Argument List ) The argument list is a way for functions to communicate with each other by passing information. The argument list can contain 0, 1, or more arguments, separated by commas, depending on the function. Two Parts of Function Definition int Cube ( int n ) heading { body return n * n * n ; } What is in a prototype? When a function is called, temporary memory is set up ( for its value parameters and any local variables, and also for the function’s name if the return type is not void). Then the flow of control passes to the first statement in the function’s body. The called function’s body statements are executed until one of these occurs: return statement (with or without a return value), or, closing brace of function body. Then control goes back to where the function was called. #include iostream int Cube ( int ) ; // prototype using namespace std; void main ( ) { int yourNumber ; arguments int myNumber ; yourNumber = 14 ; myNumber = 9 ; cout “My Number = “ myNumber ; cout “its cube is “ Cube (myNumber) endl ; cout “Your Number = “ yourNumber ; cout “its cube is “ Cube (yourNumber) endl ; } A C++ function can return in its identifier at most 1 value of the type which was specified (called the return type) in its heading and prototype but, a void-function cannot return any value in its identifier return; is valid